Comparative study on the theory of the civil society and the welfare state in civil law

民法中公民社会与福利国家理论的比较研究

• 批准号: 17530073
• 负责人: UCHIDA Katsuichi
• 金额: $ 2.41万
• 依托单位: Waseda University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17530073/
• 关键词: civil law; welfare state; social rights; 市民社会; 社会的排除と包摂; 市民権(Citizenship); グローバル化と福祉国家; 民法; 財産権の保障と公共的規制; 市民社会論; 社会法論; 民法における弱者保護; アジア的福祉国家論; グローバル化と福祉国家論; 福祉国家の類型論; 制度とガバナンス

Civil law presupposes the civil society which is based on the civil liberty, freedom and equality, and at the same time, forms the foundation of market economy system which is based on the protection of private property and respect for the freedom of contract.Since the end of world war second, the political objective of both Western European countries and Japan has been an accomplishment of the welfare society although the degree of realization may differ from country to country. Japanese civil law theory during the early post war period, concentrated on the legal problems of the abolishment of semi-feudalistic employment relationship in labor relation, on agrarian tenants and right to commons in rural society, and on landlord and tenants in urban cities. Civil lawyers in Japan at that time wanted to modernize Japanese society, and to achieve a realization of civil liberty and equality. A comparison of the civil right, or law and the social right, or law became a main theme of discussi … More on. They supported demands and movements of citizens for the protection of freedom and equality, and intended to establish legal theory for the advancement of civil and welfare society.By the end of 1960's, most of western countries and Japan accomplished the idea of welfare society, however, during the 1970's, owing to government expenditure cuts, the welfare state programs started to decline. During the 1990's, because of the globalization of economy, there arises a necessity to reorganize and reconstruct the welfare state.In the fields of political theory and sociology, instead of the idea of unification of national, new ideas, such as coexistence and solidarity were proposed, concepts of a social exclusion and an inclusion were used, in order to form the theory of citizenship.In recent days, however, most of civil law theorists concentrated to establish legal rules for the promotion of economic activities. They mainly discussed on the question of the formulation of legal infrastructure for market economy system. Then, they emphasized self decision and self responsibility. The legal theory which tried to encompass welfare elements into civil law and to achieve social justice and equality seemed to disappeared from the main stream of civil law.In this research, based on recent developments in political theory and sociology, the investigator intends to reconstruct civil law theory to achieve civil society which includes welfare elements into civil law, examines the history of post war civil law theory and tries to analyze theoretical structure of welfare orientated civil law theory. Less

民法的前提是以公民自由、自由、平等为基础的市民社会，同时也是以保护私有财产和尊重契约自由为基础的市场经济体制的基础。自二战结束以来，西欧国家和日本的政治目标都是福利社会的实现，尽管实现程度因国而异。战后初期的日本民法理论，主要集中在废除劳动关系中的半封建雇佣关系、农村社会中的土地租户与公地权利、城市中的地主与租客等法律问题。当时日本的民事律师想要实现日本社会的现代化，实现公民自由和平等。民事权利或法律与社会权利或法律的比较成为…讨论的主题还有更多。他们支持公民要求保护自由和平等的要求和运动，意图为公民社会和福利社会的进步建立法律理论。到20世纪60年代末，大多数西方国家和日本实现了福利社会的思想，但在70年代S时期，由于政府削减开支，福利国家计划开始衰落。20世纪90年代的S，由于经济的全球化，福利国家的重组和重构成为必然。在政治理论和社会学领域，不再是国家统一的思想，而是提出了共存、团结等新思想，使用了社会排斥和包容的概念，形成了公民身份理论。然而，近些年来，大多数民法理论家都集中于建立促进经济活动的法律规则。他们主要讨论了市场经济体制的法律基础的制定问题。然后，他们强调自我决定和自我责任。试图将福利要素纳入民法、实现社会公正与平等的法学理论似乎已从主流民法中消失。在本研究中，研究者试图在政治学和社会学的最新发展的基础上，重构民法理论，以实现将福利要素纳入民法的市民社会，并考察战后民法理论的历史，试图分析以福利为导向的民法理论的理论结构。较少