Low-molecular-chromium, or nickel-binding substances from liver or milk of animals and their biological functions, especially in relation to detoxication and carcinogenesis of metals.

1. 从狗、兔和牛的肝脏和初乳中纯化出低分子量（分子量：1500）的铬结合物质。它们由谷氨酸、甘氨酸和半胱氨酸组成，Cr/氨基末端残基比为4:1。与无机铬化合物相比，与它们结合的铬显示出较低的毒性和较高的尿排泄率。此外，纯化物质的某些部分显示出与胰岛素作用相关的糖耐量因子相当的体外活性。还从大鼠肝脏中纯化出一种低分子量（MW:900）的镍结合物质。在BALB/C 3T3细胞集落形成试验中，与无机镍化合物相比，与镍结合的镍化合物显示出较低的细胞毒性。该物质在体外与镍结合形成镍/分子比为1:1的饱和镍。镍的某些部分被铜或锌等必需元素取代，但没有被镉、铅和铬等非必需元素取代。有机锡化合物，三苯基和三丁基丁醇，显示出抑制胰岛素从胰腺释放，胶原诱导的血小板聚集，白细胞的O_2^-的产生和趋化，以及肥大细胞的组胺释放。一个共同的机制似乎是抑制了细胞膜上的刺激-反应偶联。二丁基锡化合物的体内外抗恶性肿瘤活性可能与此机制相同。低分子镍结合物对培养的BALB/C 3T3细胞具有较强的致癌活性，而无机镍化合物对细胞的转化没有诱导作用。

1. Low-molecular-weight (MW:1500)-chromium binding substances were purified from the liver and colostrum of dogs, rabbits and cows. They were composed of glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine with a Cr/amino-terminal residue ratio of 4:1. Chromium bound to them showed a lower toxicity and higher rates of urinary excretion than inorganic chromium compounds. Furthermore, some fraction of purified substances showed in vitro activities comparable to those of glucose tolerance factor in relation to insulin action.2. A low-molecular-weight (MW:900)-nickel-binding substance was also purified from the liver of rats. Nickel bound to it showed a lower cytotoxicity in the colony-formation tests using BALB/C 3T3 cells than inorganic nickel compounds. The substance.combined nickel in vitro to form the saturated ones with a Ni/molecule ration of 1:1. Some fractions of nickel were replaced with an essential element such as copper or zinc, but not with a non-essential element inclusing cadmium, lead and chromium.3. Organotin compounds, triphenyl and tributyltins, showed to inhibit insulin release from pancreas, collagen-induced aggregation of platelets, O_2^- production and chemotaxis of leukocytes, and histamine release from mast cells. A common mechanism seemed to be an inhibition of the stimulusresponse coupling in the cell membrane. The same mechanism was supposed to be acting in the anti-malignant tumor activity in vivo and in vitro of dibutyltin compounds.4. Nickel bound to the low-molecular-nickel-binding substance showed a strong carcinogenic activitiy to cultured BALB/C 3T3 cells in contrast to no induction of transformation by inorganic nickel compounds.