Eco-biotoxicology of Newly Developed Semiconductor Metals.

对新开发的金属化合物作为半导体材料或生物材料进行了生态-生物毒理学研究，以获得基本的毒理学数据。(1)致瘤性：InAs和InP颗粒的肺内注射产生严重的肺损伤，但它们没有表现出明显的致瘤性。腹腔注射GaAs、GaP及大腿肌肉内植入镍合金均显示出明显的致瘤性。(2)免疫毒性：经铍、铂、镍处理的小鼠脾中产生多克隆IgG的细胞数增加，而经锆、钴处理的小鼠脾中产生多克隆IgG的细胞数无明显变化。Be、Pt、Ni具有免疫细胞毒性的抗原性。(3)胚胎毒性：镍对器官形成阶段的胚胎生长有较强的影响。(4)致突变性：铍、镓、锑、砷在rec-assay中表现出DNA损伤活性，而在艾姆斯试验中对沙门氏菌无致突变性。在V79细胞SCE试验中，Sb、Be、As均能诱发SCE。(5)代谢研究，一般毒性：锗和三甲基胂可迅速经尿液排泄。与正常大鼠相比，肾损伤大鼠体内这些化学物质的保留增加。砷的一般毒性大小顺序为砷化氢>三乙基砷化氢>三甲基砷化氢。锑影响红细胞膜的渗透脆性。低浓度的铟选择性地影响肾小管。这些研究结果提供了这些新金属的基本毒理学数据。

Eco-bio-toxicological investigations on newly developed metal compounds as the semiconductor materials or biomaterials were carried out to obtain basic toxicological data.(1) Tumorigenicity : Intratracheal injection of InAs and InP particles produced severe lung damage, but they showed no apparent tumorigenicity. Intraperitoneal injections of GaAs and GaP, and implantation of nickel alloy in thigh muscle of mice showed a significant tumorigenicity.(2) Immunotoxicity : Number of polyclonal IgG production cells in spleens of mice treated with Be, Pt and Ni was increased, but that with Zr and Co showed no change. Be, Pt, and Ni seem to have the immunological cytotoxicity as antigenicity.(3) Embryonic toxicity : Ni showed a strong effect on the embryonic growth at the stage of organogenesis.(4) Mutagenicity : Be, Ga, Sb and As showed a DNA damaging activity in rec-assay, but no mutagenicity to Salmonella in Ames test. In SCE test using V79 cells, Sb, Be and As induced SCE.(5) Metabolic study, general toxicity : Germanium and trimethylarsine are rapidly excreted in urine. In rats with renal lesion, the retention of these chemicals in the body was increased as compared with normal rats. General toxicity of As is in the order of arsine > triethylarsine > trimethylarsine. Sb affects the osmotic fragility of red blood cell membrane. Indium selectively affects renal tubules in low concentrations. These findings offer a basic toxicological data of these new metals.