Regional Formation and Regional Structure of Forestry, Upper Basin of Yoshino River, Nara Prefecture.

奈良县吉野河上游的林区，自江户时代起就开始发展。许多研究试图把握其区域发展的过程和机制，主要是一些林业经济学家的研究。但是，从地理学的角度来看，这些研究还缺乏一些条件，特别是对区域结构的研究。笔者对该地区各村落保存的大量资料进行了考察。通过本研究得到了新的条件。一个条件与每个村庄形成的年龄有关。年代越久远，造林发展越慢，因为这些形成于年代较久远的村落都位于这片山地的良田较广的地段，所以以农业经营为主。二是江户时代各村落的农民结构。它与每个村庄造林的发展密切相关。

Forestry region, upper basin of the Yoshino River, Nara Prefecture, have developed since Edo era. Many studies have tried to grasp the process and mechanism of it's regional development, mainly by some forestry economists. But, from the point of view of geography, there are some conditions lacked in those studies, especially on the regional structure. The author have tried to investigate many materials preserved in each villages in this region. New conditions obtained through this research are followed.One condition is related to the age of formation of each villages. The older of it, the slower of the development of afforestation, because these villages formed in the older age had located in the excellent land finding wider fields in this mountainous region, so they had mainly oriented to the management of argiculture.The other is the structure of farmers in each villages in Edo era. It had closely connected with the development of afforestation in each villages.