Studies of the Evolution of the Asian Non-human Primates

对亚洲非人灵长类动物进化进行实地研究的小组由三个小组组成，1)苏拉威西猕猴，2)东加里曼丹的猩猩生态学，3)泰国的捕蟹猕猴。1)印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛的猕猴共有7个物种，在外部形态特征上表现出明显的差异。我们调查了生活在种间边界地区的猕猴的形态特征，发现杂种仅限于hecki和tonkeana之间、nigra和nigrescens之间的有限区域。在这些区域之外，猕猴在每个物种中都表现出明显的形态特征。在实地研究中，我们收集了宠物猴子的血液样本。我们可以把血液样本从干冰下带回来。磷酸珠蛋白基因的DNA结构分析将很快完成。东加里曼塔的大片低地热带雨林在1983年被烧毁。该地区包括猩猩的自然栖息地。猩猩在火灾后频繁使用树皮，但随着第二森林的繁殖，它们开始使用树叶、茎和果实。我们可以明确猩猩在植物群繁殖过程中摄食生态的关系。3)在泰国9个不同地区共捕获12个种群的食蟹猕猴278头。使用采集的血液样本进行的群体遗传和分子生物学研究表明，泰国北部和南部地区的猕猴存在明显的差异。后者与马来亚半岛和大巽他岛有密切的关系，而前者则有明显的差异。形态学研究也显示出类似的差异。

The team carrying out the field studies on the evolution of the Asian non-human primates comprised of three team, 1) The Sulawesi macaques, 2) Ecology of orangutans in East Kalimantan and 3) Capturing works crab-eatiang macaques in Thailand.1) The macaques inhabing the Sulawesi island, Indonesia, comprise seven species and show clealy differences in the external morphological character. We investigated the morphological characteristics of the macaques living in the boundary areas among species and found that hybrids were limited to restricted areas between hecki and tonkeana, and nigra and nigrescens. Outside of the areas, the macaques showed clearly morphological characteristics in each species. In the field studies, we collected blood samples from pet monkeys. We could brought back the blood samples under crashed dry ice. The analyses of DNA structure of psibeta-globin genes will be soon completed.2) The huge area of low land tropical rain forest in East Kalimanta was burned in 1983. The area includes the natural habitats of orangutan. Orangutans used the burk frequently just after the fire but along with the reproduction of the second forest they became to use leaved, stems and fruits. We could clearified the relationship between feeding ecology of orangutans during the reproduction of flora.3) We could capture total 278 heads of crab-eatiang macaque of 12 groups at 9 different areas in Thailand. Population genetical and molcular biological studies using blood samples collected showed the clear differenciation of the macaques between norther parts and southern parts of Thailand. The latter related closely to those of Malayan Peninsula and Great Sunda Isaland but the former showed clear differences from them. Morphological sutdies also showed similar differences.