Ethnological Study of Culture Change in Tropical Africa

本研究的目的是考察独立二十多年的热带非洲的文化变迁，并比较西非和东非的差异。在1987年在坦桑尼亚进行的田野调查中，我们观察到由于国家建设和现代化、畜牧业的削弱和斯瓦希里文化的扩张，老年统治的不同。在扎伊尔热带雨林，一个团队对库巴王国与拉菲亚织造的关系进行了调查。同样，在喀麦隆草原上，也研究了拉菲亚文化。在喀麦隆北部，现代化进程中的文化变迁是研究的重点。研究得出的一些结论如下：1)土地短缺并不是导致坦桑尼亚南部尼亚库萨人社会变迁的唯一因素。还有其他因素。例如，农民工寄来的现金发挥了很大的作用，他们对社会的贡献也很大。2)在坦桑尼亚，乌贾马村被废除。相反，他们建立了社区中心，并为乡村生活的现代化做出了贡献。3)在库巴王国，渡边发现了隐藏在服装中的象征意义，并研究了传统价值体系与现代化之间的关系。4)在西喀麦隆的巴姆客栈中，Wazaki对传统手工业者组织的社会方面进行了研究。5)Hata观察了在酋长统治下只举行一次的Nkui节日。对节日的详细描述很快就会公布。世界反兴奋剂机构对多哥的炼铁进行了一项调查，这是古代北欧文明的特征之一。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the culture change in Tropical Africa which has been independent for more than twenty years, and to compare the differences between West and East Africa.In the 1987 field research "the East African Cattle complex" in Tanzania, we observed the disparition of gerontocracy because of nation building and modernization, weakening of pastoral industry, and expansion of Swahili culture. In the Zairean rain forest, a team carried out a survey on the relationship between the Kuba kingdom and raphia weaving. Likewise in Cameroon grassland, the raphia culture comples was studied. In Northern Cameroon, the culture change in the course of modernization was the focus of research.Some of the conclusions drawn from the research are, as follows:1) The shortage of lands was not the only factor which caused social change among the Nyakyusa in southern Tanzania. There are other factors. For example, the cash sent by migrant workers play a big role, and their contribution to the society is great.2) In Tanzania Ujamaa villages were abolished. Instead community centers were built and they contribute for the modernization of village life.3) In the Kuba kingdom, Watanabe discoverd the symbolism hidden in the clothing, and studied the relationship between the traditional value system and the modernization.4) Among the Bamum inn West Cameroon, Wazaki carried out a research on the social aspects of the traditional handicraftmen's organization.5) Hata observed the Nkui festivity which is held only once in chief's reign. The description of the festivity in detail will be published soon.6) Wada carried out a survey on the Togolese iron making which is one of the features of paleonigritic civilisation.