Cultural Adaptation and Strategies on the Use and Management of Coastal Marine Resources in the Tropical Asia and Southwestern Pacific

这个项目的主要目的首先是查明热带亚洲和西南太平洋地区小规模渔民目前的社会经济地位。其次，我们研究了这些渔民在生态和社会背景下对可再生海洋资源的利用。采用定量和定性方法（时间研究、空间利用、食物消费、生计/商业捕鱼比例）。第三，分析了海参、鱼翅、扇贝、珍珠母贝等特殊海洋资源在多民族关系和国际贸易中的经济作用。研究地点覆盖马六甲海峡和美拉尼西亚所罗门岛之间的广阔地理区域。其中包括马六甲海峡。柔佛，马来西亚的丁加奴，北苏拉威西，桑吉河。北马鲁古岛、基岛和阿鲁岛。在印度尼西亚，巴布亚海岸和巴布亚新几内亚的飞河河口，以及马莱塔的劳和兰加兰加，在所罗门群岛。本研究的主要发现是：a)就物种、所采用的技术、经济价值和社会文化意义而言，这些区域存在多样化的海洋资源利用；b)通过海洋产品的收获和销售存在区域和区域间经济网络；c)基于社区的习惯海洋占有制度的广泛做法及其随着新技术和现金经济的引入而转变的过程；D)具有文化、法律和国际意义的各种类型的非法捕鱼。简而言之，该项目清楚地表明，该地区的海洋社区存在生态和社会经济多样性以及历史复杂性。报告还指出，极为需要进一步深入研究利用海洋资源的生态学、历史和文化，以便进行海洋人类学研究，并为参与这些观点的国家的可持续发展方案进行研究。少

Main purpose of this project is first to identify the present socio-economic status of small-scale fishermen in tropical Asia and the southwestern Pacific. Second, we examine use of renewable marine resources by these fishermen in the ecological and social contexts. using quantitative and qualitative methods (time study, space use, food consumption, ratio of subsistence/commercial fishing). Third, analysis is made on the economic role of particular marine resources such as sea-cucumber, shark fin. trochus shell, mother-of-pearl shells and other commercial sea products with respect to the multi-ethnic relations as well as international trades.Study sited cover a wide geographical area between Malacca Strait to the Solomon Island of Melanesia. These include Malacca Strait. Johor, Trennganu in Malaysia, north Sulawesi, Sangihe Is., north Maluku, Kei and Aru Is. in Indonesia, Papuan coast and the river-mouth of the Fly in Papua New Guinea, and the Lau and the Langalanga of Malaita, in the … More Solomon Islands.Major findings of the present study are a) presence of diversified marine resource use in these region in terms of species, technologies employed, economic values, and socio-cultural signifecances, b) the existence of regional and inter-regional economic networks through harvest and sales of marine products, c) extensive practices of community-based customary sea tenure system and their transformation processes in line with the introduction of new technology and cash economy, d) various types of illegal fishings which have cultural, juridical and international significances.In brief, this project clearly demonstrates that there exist ecological and socio-economic diversities and historical complexities in the maritime communities of the areas. It also suggests a vital need for further in-depth studies on the ecology, history and culture of the use of marine resources for the maritime anthropological studies as well as for sustainable development programes of countries involved in these perspectives. Less