Correlation between functional properties and histochemical classifications of cerebtral motor areas of primates.

本项目的主要目的是将图克大学研究小组的神经生理学研究与纽约州锡拉丘兹研究小组的组织学和免疫组织化学研究相结合，以研究大脑皮层运动区域的功能和形态组织。这两个实验室之间的国际研究合作已经取得了广泛的成就，导致了非常成功的研究工作。研究结果如此之多，以至于可能只描述主要的如下。(1)皮层扣带运动区组织学鉴定及细胞活性生理分析。扣带皮层的三个独立区域被确定为前肢运动区。每个区域的细胞活动被发现与训练的运动任务有区域特异性。(2)在额叶内侧描绘一个新的皮质运动区。在生理和组织学的基础上，我们定义了一个新的与运动相关的皮层区域——辅助运动区。(3)辅助运动区（SMA）的功能可塑性。研究发现，SMA的活动会发生可塑性变化，这取决于运动任务的执行方式。原发性运动皮质损伤后也出现可塑性改变。(4)基底神经节到SMA的投射系统识别。采用荧光染料和酶的组织化学示踪技术明确地识别了从基底节区到丘脑到SMA的投射系统，并取得了成功的结果。(5)运动任务序列表现的神经元机制。在基底神经节和小脑中发现了负责运动行为排序的神经元活动，它们分别与运动控制的不同方面有关。(6)利用HSV-1病毒对皮质-皮质下回路进行免疫组化研究。使用不同的HSV-1病毒株鉴定皮质-丘脑-苍白部和皮质-丘脑-小脑神经回路。(7)在运动前区微量注射化学神经递质。抑制性神经递质GABA及其激动剂muscimol被用于揭示灵长类动物运动前区域的功能细分。少

The primary aim of this project is to combine neurophysiological study by a research group in Took University with histological and immunohistochemical study by a research group in Syracuse, N.Y., in order to study functional and morphological organization of motor area in the cerebral cortex. The international research collaboration between these two laboratories have been extensively achieved, resulting in extremely successful research works. The research findings are so numerous that it is possible to describe only major ones as follows.(1) Histological identification of cortical cingulate motor areas, and physiological analysis of cellular activity. Three separate areas in the cingulate cortex were identified as forelimb motor areas. Cellular activity in each area is found to be region-specific in relation to trained motor tasks.(2) Delineation of a new cortical motor area in the mesial frontal lobe. lmmediately rostral to the supplementary motor area, a new motor related cortical … More area was defined on the basis of physiological and histological findings.(3) Functional plasticity of the supplementary motor area (SMA). SMA activity was found to undergo plastic changes, depending on how motor tasks were performed. Plastic changes after lesioning of primary motor cortex were also found.(4) ldentification of projection systems from basal ganglia to SMA. Histochemical tracer techniques with fluorescent dyes and enzymes were applied to identify unequivocally the projection system from the basal ganglia through the thalamus to SMA, yielding successful results.(5) Neuronal mechanisms for sequential performance of motor tasks. Neuronal activity responsible for sequencing of motor behavior was found in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, each with regard to different aspects of motor control.(6) lmmunohistochemical study of cortico-subcortical circuits utilizing HSV-1 viruses. Coirtico-thalamo-pallidal and cortico-thalamo-cerebellar neural circuits were identified by the use of different strains of HSV-1 viruses.(7) Microinjection of chemical neurotransmitters into premotor areas. The inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, and its agonist, muscimol, were applied to reveal functional subdivisions of premotor areas of primates. Less