Cooperative Research in the Field of Plant Bioscience Between Japan and Foreign Countries, Especially European Countries and USA

在植物生命科学领域，日本与外国，特别是美国和欧洲国家开展了合作研究。关于转型：已经开发了几种用于高等植物的转化方法，并且在模式植物中已经报道了一些成功的结果。然而，关于农业上重要的植物的转化的报道数量有限。为此，开展了马铃薯和甘薯转化的合作研究。结果表明，Ri质粒是一种较好的外源基因导入载体，可用于卡那霉素抗性基因和GUS基因的导入。作为研究花芽分化的重要材料，链果属植物的转化研究一直在继续.关于糖蛋白：将Tsukuba小组分离的胡萝卜分泌糖蛋白GP 57与Wageningen农业大学分离的类似糖蛋白进行比较。两种糖蛋白的表达模式是相当的，但抗血清GP 57没有反应的另一个。在瑞士FMI中检测GP 57的基因表达。结果表明，GP 57基因的表达是受创伤诱导的，并被认为在防御机制中具有生理功能.基因表达调控机制研究：在Ti质粒的T-DNA上鉴定到的农松合酶基因的表达受该基因启动子区的调控，并表现出与细胞分裂相关的特异性。在莱顿大学对各种T-DNA基因之间的核苷酸序列进行同源性搜索，发现它们之间没有同源性.关于次生代谢物：一些次生代谢物的产生与组织和器官分化有关。托品烷类生物碱的产生与根的分化直接相关。合作对次生代谢产物的合成途径进行了详细的研究，取得了一些新的成果。

Cooperative research between Japan and foreign countries, especially U.S.A. and European countries, was carried out in plant bioscience field.1. On transformation : Several transformation methods for higher plants have already been developed and some successful results have been reported in model plants. However, only limited number of reports are available on transformation of agriculturally important plants. Therefore, cooperative research was carried out on the transformation of potato and sweet potato. Our results showed that Ri plasmid was an adequate vector for introducing foreign genes such as kanamycine resistant and GUS genes. Studies on transformation of Streptocarpus, an important material for investigating flower bud differentiation, has been continued.2. On glycoproteins : A carrot secretory glycoprotein GP57 isolated by Tsukuba group was compared with a similar glycoprotein isolated in Wageningen Agricultural University. The expression pattern of the both glycoproteins is comparable, but antiserum for GP57 did not react to the another. The gene expression of GP57 was examined in FMI of Switzerland. The result showed that GP57 gene expression was wound-inducible and thought to have a physiological function in defense mechanism.3. On control mechanism of gene expression : Expression of agropine synthase gene which was identified on T-DNA of Ti plasmid was controlled by the promoter region of the gene and showed a specificity related to cell division. Homology search on nucleotide sequence among various T-DNA genes was carried out in Leiden University and showed no homology among them.4. On secondary metabolites : Production of some secondary metabolites is related to tissue and organ differentiation. Tropane alkaloid production was directly related to root differentiation. Detailed examination on synthetic pathway of secondary metabolites was carried out in cooperation and some new results were obtained.