Psychiatric and Cross-Cultural study of Processes of Color Symbolism and Personality Structure

Maruyama等人开发的颜色选择测试（CCT）检验了颜色与刺激术语或颜色象征之间的联系。将1980年以来各领域积累的CCT数据整合成标准化的数据库格式。为该数据库开发了统计软件包，包括多变量分析。（Asai, Matsuda） CCT由一组刺激项和70个色块组成，每个色块有10个色调，每个色调有7个色调，包括消色差。由三种不同的刺激术语引发的颜色象征，例如社会精神病学领域的50个术语（Maruyama, et al.）， 100个术语采用情感意义系统（Osgood, et al. 1958）中使用的概念，从人际感知系列研究（Isaka）中提取的75个特征描述符以每个个体受试者的格式包含在这个主数据库中。使用我们的统计软件包对CCT数据进行分析，发现在社会精神病学领域测试的受试者中，颜色象征主义的产生和年份差异更大（Maruyama, Ito, et al）。同样使用由Fujiwara等人开发的Negative-Positive Scores，在CCT方案中揭示了临床环境中受试者的适应不良反应（Atsuta, fujwara）。Asai利用Osgood等人在社会精神病学领域的50个术语中使用的100个概念术语，探讨了日本、泰国、韩国和美国在颜色和刺激术语的联想模式上的异同，通过信息冗余的方式，发现在对比的4个国家中，鲜艳色调的信息量最高，深沉色调的信息量最低。根据联想频率，各国对每种颜色都有一个共同的反应模式。这些共同的反应模式代表了不受文化影响的色彩象征主义的普遍性。​少

Color Choice Test (CCT) developed by Maruyama et. al. examines the association between colors and stimulus terms or color symbolism. CCT data which have been accumulated in the various fields since 1980, were integrated into the standardized format of database. Statistical program package for this database, including multivariate analysis is also developed for this database. (Asai, Matsuda) CCT consists of a set of stimulus terms and 70 color patches of 10 hues and 7 tones for each hue including achromatic color.Color symbolism elicited by three different stimulus terms, e. g. 50 terms (Maruyama, et. al.) for the field of social psychiatry 100 terms adopted from the concepts used in the generality of affective meaning system (Osgood, et. al. 1958), 75 trait descriptors extracted from the series of studies of inter personal perception (Isaka) were included in this master database in the each individual subjects format.Analysis of CCT data using our statistical package, the generation as … More well as year difference were found in the color symbolism among the subjects tested in the field of social psychiatry (Maruyama, Ito, et. al.). Also using Negative-Positive Scores developed by Fujiwara, et. al., maladjustment reactions of subjects in clinical settings were revealed in the protocols of CCT (Atsuta, Fujlwara). With 100 concept terms used in Osgood, et. al. 50 terms in the field social psychiatry, Asai explored the similarities and difference of association patterns of colors and stimulus terms among the Japan, Thailand and Korea and USA, by means of information redundancy, discovered the amount of information is the highest in the vivid tone and the lowest in the deep tones among the 4 nations compared. Based on frequency of association, there is a common response pattern for each color among the nations. Those common response patterns represent the generality of color symbolism independent from cultural influences. Isaka, using 75 trait descriptors, also discovered the similar generality among the subjects of Japan, USA, China and Taiwan. Less