An analytic philosophical study of historical narratives

传统历史哲学主要探讨“历史的意义”或“历史的方向”这样一个全球性问题。它通常被描述为“世界观的科学”。但是，在价值观念多元化、欧洲中心史观遭到彻底批判的今天，黑格尔历史哲学对世界历史发展的全面解释已经失去意义，新的历史哲学的出现是人们所期待的。这就要求研究的重点不是宏观的世界观，而是微观的“历史叙事”。本文试图运用分析哲学特别是言语行为理论来阐释历史叙事的基本结构，从本质上说，历史不是“被制造”或“成为”的，而是“被叙述”的。“这篇论文只不过是我研究的起点。作为历史叙述对象的历史事件，并不是过去事件的简单再现。它们被我们的记忆视角所选择和重组，换句话说，“诠释性地转变”。因此，历史事件应被称为“解释学事实”而不是“客观事实”。“但是，如果对过去的记忆不是以叙事行为为媒介，它仍然只是个人的回忆。正是通过言语行为的“结构化”和“主体间化”，才构成了历史事实的必要条件。我们将这种构成史学基本单位的言语行为称之为“叙事行为”。“历史不过是叙事行为“创生”的产物。本研究的结果是，我们厘清了叙事行为的概念，并将其与历史哲学的基本理论结合起来，形成联合收割机。

The traditional philosophy of history mainly treated with such a global problem as "the meaning of history" or "the direction of history. " It was generally characterized as "the science of a world-view. " But now, after the sense of value is diversified and the Europe-centered view of history is radically criticized, the Hegelian philosophy of history which totally explained the development of world history become useless and the emergence of new philosophy of history is in expectation. This requires an investigation to focus not on the macroscopic world-view, but on the microscopic "historical narrative. " In this study, I tried to explicate the basic structure of historical narrative by means of the analytic philosophy, especially the speech act theory.In essence, history is not "made" or "become" but "narrated. " This thesis is nothing other than the starting-point of my study. Historical events which are objects of historical narrative, are not bare reproductions of past events as they were. They are selected and reorganized by our perspectives of remembrance, in other words "hermeneutically transformed. " Thus, historical events should be called "hermeneutical facts" rather than "objective facts. " But, if remembrance of the past is not mediated by an act of narrative, it remains mere personal reminiscence. It is the "structurization" and the "intersubjectivization" through speech acts that makes the necessary condition of historical facts. We would like to call this kind of speech act which constitutes the basic unit of historiography "narrative act. " History is nothing but the product of "poiesis" of narrative acts. The result of this study is that we elucidate the concept of narrative act and combine it with the basic theory for the philosophy of history.