Local Industries and Regional Development under the Over-concentration of Economic Activities to the Metropolitan Area

本项目的目的是调查在经济活动过度集中于东京首都圈的情况下，非首都圈地区的经济和社会状况。作为封闭的非都市圈的典型案例，我们选择长野县饭田地区。我们深入研究了饭田市的瑞日纸产业（包括瑞日纸^* 和用于婚礼和其他仪式的纸制品）。水彦产业诞生于江户时代的饭田，并已发展成为一个地方性的产业。制作水针和纸制品需要手工劳动，二田地区存在大量的边际劳动力，是适合生产这些产品的地方。水日工业的规模不是很大，但它有助于稳定地区经济，因为产品是为家庭消费而制造的，对它们的需求是恒定的。但是，在20世纪80年代，经济活动过度集中于首都圈，使得非首都圈的劳动力短缺加剧。它破坏了二田地方工业的社会基础，特别是水彦工业。为了维持稳定的社区，饭田的地方产业需要重组。水日产业的重组，一是要成为设计导向型产业，二是要利用国际分工，三是要培养人才，特别是设计师和工匠。纸制的血统，颜色为红色和白色或金色和银。水彦是用来包装礼物的，用水彦制作的纸制品是用来举行婚礼的。

The Purpose of the project is to investigate the economic and social conditions of non-metropolitan areas under the over-concentration of economic activities to Tokyo Metropolitan Area. As an typical case of a closed non-metropolitan area, we choose Iida region of Nagano Prefecture. We researched intensively on mizuhiki industry (consisted of mizuhiki^* and paper products used for wedding and other ceremonies) in Iida. Mizuhiki industry was born in Iida in the Edo period, and have grown as a localized industry. Handwork is required to make mizuhiki and paper products, and IIda region have been suitable place to manufacture them, for large marginal labor force existed there. The scale of mizuhiki industry is not so extensive, but it contributes to stabilize the regional economy, as the products are made for home consumption and the demand for them is constant. But, in 1980's, the over-concentration of economic activities to Tokyo Metropolitan Area made labor shortage of the non-metropolitan areas intensified. It undermined the social base of local industries in IIda, especially of mizuhiki industry. To maintain the stable community, restructuring of Iida's local industries is needed. To restructure mizuhiki industry, 1) it must become design-oriented industry, 2) it must utilize international division of labor, and 3) it must cultivate talent, especially designers and craftsmen.* Paper sirings colored red-and-white or gold-and-silver. Mizuhiki is used when we wrap gifts, and paper products made of mizuhiki is used in wedding ceremony.