Penitentials and Carolingian reform

随着加洛林王朝的改革，中世纪历史的核心研究课题之一正在经历新一轮的繁荣。特别是，在其难以捉摸的早期阶段，关于传播和执行影响深远的智力文化纠正努力的问题日益引起人们的兴趣。因此，该项目旨在研究加洛林改革批评对迄今为止被忽视的教会文学来源流派-中世纪早期忏悔的实际后果。随着康布雷主教Halitgar（†831）和富尔达修道院院长和美因茨总主教Hrabanus Maurus（†856）的两个忏悔，所谓改革忏悔系列中最重要的三位代表将成为调查的起点。这个整体将由8世纪下半叶的忏忏者来补充，也就是改革的早期阶段，这些忏忏者还没有在改革的背景下进行研究，但已经显示了对加洛林改革者批评的第一个影响- Paenitentialia Sangallense tripartitum和Paenitentiale Capitula iudiciorum以及Paenitentialia p .- bedae Egberti的复杂传统。该项目将以Halitgar和Hraban的改革忏悔手册为基础，考虑到最古老的书面记录，将提供尽可能原始的文本版本。考虑到起源的背景，内容分析，以及编辑和批判的历史传统的工作综合体，重新评估的意图，实际的相关性和意义的早期加洛林忏悔书的计划。在这种背景下，Halitgar和Hraban的汇编，明确提到了某些改革圈的忏悔批评，将从它们作为改革忏悔的孤立状态中释放出来，并将其置于8世纪末至9世纪后期忏悔流派发展的更大背景中。忏忏者手册将不再被评价为中世纪早期忏忏者本身改革一致性的衡量标准，而是作为作品的编者和编者对加洛林改革批评的新挑战作出反应的各种模式之一。这包括对部分有争议的、矛盾的和未完成的关于忏悔手册的起源和文学依赖的研究讨论的批判性审查，以及对它们的传播、编辑和接受的调查。这样，它们就不会仅仅作为改革的结果而出现，而是作为改革者广泛传播改革努力的工具。

With the Carolingian reforms, one of the central research topics of medieval history is experi-encing a renewed boom. In particular, questions about the dissemination and implementation of the efforts for a far-reaching intellectual-cultural correctio, in its elusive early phase, are of increased interest. The project therefore aims to examine the practical consequences of Carolingian reform criticism on a hitherto neglected ecclesiastical literary source genre - the Early Medieval penitentials. With the Paenitentiale of bishop Halitgar of Cambrai († 831) and the two Paenitentialia of the abbot of Fulda and archbishop of Mainz Hrabanus Maurus († 856), three of the most im-portant representatives of the series of the so-called reform penitentials will be the starting point of the investigations. The ensemble is to be supplemented by penitentials from the second half of the 8th century, the early phase of the reforms, which have not yet been studied against the background of the reforms, but which already show the first influences of the criticism of the Carolingian reformers - the Paenitentialia Sangallense tripartitum and the Paenitentiale Capitula iudiciorum as well as the complex tradition of the Paenitentialia Ps.-Bedae Egberti. The project will be based oneditions of the reform penitential handbooks of Halitgar and Hraban, which are to offer a text version as original as possible, considering the oldest written records. Taking into account the contexts of origin, the content analyses as well as the editorial and the critical historical tradition work complexes, a re-evaluation of intention, practical relevance and meaning of the early Carolingian penitential books is planned. In this context, the compilations of Halitgar and Hraban, which explicitly refer to the penitential criticism of certain reform circles, are to be released from their isolation as reform penitentials and placed in a larger context of the development of the penitential genre from the late 8th to the late 9th century. The penitential handbooks will no longer be evaluated as a measure of the reform conformity of early medieval penitentials per se, but rather as one of the various modes in which the compilers and redactors of the works reacted to the new challenges of the Carolingian reform criticism. This includes a critical examination of the partly controversial, contradictory, and unfinished research discussion on the origin and literary dependencies of the penitential handbooks, as well as an investigation of their transmission, editing, and reception. With this, they will not be presented exclusively as a result of the reforms, but moreover as a vehicle of the reformers for a widespread dissemination of the reform efforts.