THE STUDY OF MANGANESE OXIDIZING BACTERIA

微生物氧化锰的重要性报道在不同环境：土壤，湖泊和海洋。然而，海洋环境中锰氧化菌的属、特征和分布却鲜为人知。本文研究了海洋环境中锰氧化菌的分布格局、菌落和属的形态特征。研究了海水和沉积物中化学元素的分布与锰细菌的分布之间的关系。氧化锰细菌的数量从海岸向近海逐渐减少，这与海水中溶解锰和氧化锰颗粒的分布相对应。水体中氧化锰细菌的垂直分布格局表明，氧化锰细菌分布在表层和底层。虽然某些沉积物中的锰氧化菌在含氧层中含量丰富，但仅限于发生含氧成岩作用的沉积物中，或者由于较深层的缺氧成岩作用，Mn^<2+>通过孔隙水向上运移活跃。在海洋环境中发现的锰氧化细菌的优势属是假单胞菌。其中弧菌、气单胞菌、黄杆菌、微球菌、碱性菌和芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、弧菌、气单胞菌、碱性菌和芽孢杆菌在K培养基上表现出较强的氧化锰活性，其菌落的棕色沉淀可直观测定。微生物作用下锰在海水中的氧化速率常数约为2X10^<21>mol^<-4>l^4d^<-1>，比在Saanich入口得到的氧化速率常数小了两个数量级，比实验室用无机方法测得的氧化速率常数大了三个数量级。

The importance of microbial oxidation of manganese reported in diverse environments : soils, lakes and oceans. However, genera, characteristics and distribution of manganese oxidizing bacteria in marine environments are little known. In this report, the distribution pattern, morphological characteristics of colonies and genera of manganese oxidizing bacteria in marine environments were examined. The relation between the distribution of chemical elements and that of manganese bacteria were also investigated in sea water and sediments.The number of manganese oxidizing bacteria decreases from the coasts to offshore regions which corresponds to the distribution of dissolved manganese and manganese oxide particles in sea water. The vertical distribution pattern of manganese oxidizing bacteria in water column indicates that they live in surface and bottom-water. Although manganese oxidizing bacteria in some sediments were abundant in the oxic layer, they were limited to the sediments in which oxic diagenesis occurs or upward migration of Mn^<2+> through pore water is active as a result of anoxic diagenesis in the deeper layer.Dominant genera of manganese oxidizing bacteria found in marine environments are Pseudomonas. Vibrio, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Alcaligenes and Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes and Bacillus among them, show strong manganese oxidizing activity and their activity can be visually deter-mined on K medium by brown precipitates in their colonies.The oxidation rate constant of manganses by microbial mediation in seawater was about 2X10^<21>mol^<-4>l^4d^<-1>, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that obtained in Saanich lnlet and three orders of magnitude larger than that measured inorganically in the laboratory.