PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND CONTROL OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE AND SEEDLING CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR PLANT GROWTH FACTORIES.

植物生长工厂将是下一代农业栽培系统，其中植物幼苗将通过使用先进的工业化技术高效地生长。为了操作这样的植物生长工厂，必须监测在植物生长工厂中生长的植物的生理条件。本研究旨在探讨植物生长的生理调控机制，以筛选出可用于植物生长工厂中植物生长状况监测的生理参数。植物幼苗从种子或组织培养的小植株生长。当在组织培养条件下生长的小植株或在水培培养中生长的幼苗中测量细胞扩增速率时，细胞扩增速率与扩增细胞和水源之间的水势梯度的大小成比例。与生长相关的水势梯度称为生长诱导水势。虽然生长可以抑制低温，高温，高浓度的盐，营养缺乏，在这种条件下的细胞膨胀率的大小有关的生长诱导的水势。这表明，生长诱导水势可以作为一个生理参数来估计植物生长速度的植物生长工厂。然而，在不损害植物生长工厂中生长的植物的情况下，实际上无法测量生长诱导的水势的大小。当可以通过图像分析监测生长速率并且可以测量培养基的浓度时，可以通过使用人工智能计算机来估计生长诱导的水势，该人工智能计算机可以在其存储器中预先存储生理信息。

Plant growth factories will be the next generation agricultural cultivation system in which plant seedlings will be grown efficiently by using advanced industrialized techniques. In order to operate such a plant growth factory, it is essential to monitor physiological conditions of plants grown in the plant growth factory. In the present project, mechanisms of physiological control for plant growth were studied to select physiological parameters which were useful to monitor physiological conditions of plants grown in the plant growth factories. Plant seedlings were grown from seeds or tissue-cultured plantlets. When cell expansion rates were measured in plantlets grown under tissue-cultured conditions or seedlings grown in hydroponic culture, cell expansion rates were proportional to the size of the water potential gradient between expanding cells and the water source. The water potential gradient associated with growth is called the growth-induced water potential. Although growth could be inhibited by low temperature,high temperature,high concentrations of salt,deficiency of nutrients,rates of cell expansion under such conditions were related to the size of the growth-induced water potential. This indicates that the growth-induced water potential could be used as a physiological parameter to estimate growth rates of plants grown in plant growth factories. However, measurements of the size of the growth-induced water potential cannot be made practically without damaging plants grown in plant growth factories. When growth rates could be monitored by image analysis and concentrations of culture media could be measured, the growth-induced water potential could be estimated by using the artificial intelligence computer which could contain physiological information in its memory in advance.