A Study on the Process of Learning and the Interactive Learning in "Observation and Experiment by Group Work in Science Education"

本研究旨在通过分析学生与具有范畴系统的学习活动的交流过程，并对过渡过程进行相对分析，明确科学教育中学生小组活动在观察和实验中学习的发展和过程。1)分析范畴的发展：基于一种观点，即交际过程可以被认为是学生自己之间的互动，范畴已经被发展和检验。在观察和实验中的学习活动可以被认为是对观察和实验的操作和内容的问答等思维的结果的假设下，发展了语言和非语言交流分析等类别。2)分类数据分析系统的开发：利用微型计算机开发了基于分类更新的分类数据分析系统。3)观察与实验小组讨论模式的建立：在对上述类别进行分类的基础上，以学生之间的问答关系为基础，建立了学习活动的基本结构和学生决策的结构模型框架。4)观察实验活动的记录和协议的制定：为了开发一个模型，在东京地区的实验中学和公立学校用视频设备拍摄观察实验活动，并利用这些记录的数据制定了语言和非语言活动的协议。

This study aims at making clear the development and process of learning in the observation and experiment by students' group work in science education, by analysing the communication process of students and the learning activities with category system, and relatively analysing transition process.1)Development of Categories of Analysis :Based on an idea that communication process can be thought as interaction between students themselves, categories have been developed and examined. With the hypothesis that learning activities in the observation and experiment can be thought as the result of thinking such as question and answer on the operation and content of the observation and experiment, categories such as verbal and non-verbal communication analysis have been developed.2)Development of Categorical Data Analysis System :Categorical data analysis system based on categories upstated has been developed with the use of microcomputer.3)Development of a Model for Group Discussion in the Observation and Experiment :Based on the classification of the categories upstated, both a basic structure of learning activities and a framework of the structural model for students' decision making have been developed with the question-answer relationship between students.4)Recording the activities in the Observation and Experiment and Development of Protocol :For the purpose of developing a model upstated, observation and experiment activities are shooting by video facilities at both experimental secondary school and public school in Tokyo area, and with the use of these recorded data a protocol for verbal and non-verbal activities has been developed.