A practical Study on the Process of Learning and the Interactive Learning in Science Education

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This study aims at making clear the development and process of learning in the observation and experiment by students' group work in science education. Adopting category system, we analyzing not only the communication process of students and the learning activities but also their transition process.1) Recording the activities in the Observation and Experiment and Development of Protocols : For the purpose of developing the above-mentioned model, observation and experiment activities we shot with video facilities both at two experimental secondary schools and at two public schools, and with the use of these recorded data a protocol for verbal and non-verbal activities has been developed.2) Mismatches in the Classroom : Using the video record and the protocol, we found out problems which essentially refer to mismatches or discrepancies between the teachers' intention or expectation and his actual students' perceptions.3) Development of Categories of Analysis : Based on an idea that communication process can be thought as interaction between students themselves, categories have been developed and examined. On the hypothesis that learning activities in the observation and experiment can be thought as the result of thinking such as question and answer on the operation, and on the contents of the observation and experiment, categories such as verbal and non-verbal communication analysis have been developed. Categorical data analysis system based on categories above-mentioned has been developed with the use of microcomputer.4) Development of a Model for Group Discussion in the Observation and Experiment : Based on the classification of the categories above-mentioned, both a basic structure of learning activities and a framework of the structural model for student's decision making have been developed with the question-answer relationship among students. Group discussion process is described as time-series.