A Study of Development, Distribution and Management for Water resources in Northern and Southern China

本研究旨在探讨滦河、海河、珠江流域及香港地区的降水、蒸发、径流量等水文特征及用水、治理、洪旱等系统特征。1991年10月，我们访问了位于北京的水利水电研究所水利部，讨论了海河流域近期的水资源问题。然后，在香港，我们和香港大学的教授开了一个会议，讨论在这么一个人口众多的小地区，水的供需平衡。1992年3月，我们在同一所又召开了第二次会议，专题讨论了降雨预报和防洪水库调度问题。通过这两次行程，获得了以下结果：我们了解中国水资源规划的一般问题，一个是解决中国北方地区的水资源供需失衡问题，另一个是防止中国南方地区的水资源需求超过供水量的快速增长问题。从自然科学和经济的角度探讨了水管理系统的运行问题。由于降雨到放水运行的滞后时间较长，操作人员只需要监测降雨量和河道水位信息。未来，短期降水预报和长期流量预报对水资源的发展将变得更加重要。在中国北方，由于抽取工业用水和灌溉用水，地面沉降问题日益严重。通过优化降雨和地下水监测站网络，提出了水资源的合理规划程序。土地和水资源的开发需要更详细的调查。在香港，海洋污染物将成为环境问题。

The aim of this study is to investigate the hydrological characteristics such as precipitation, evaporation and run of discharge and systematic characteristics for water usage, treatment, flood and drought in Luanhe, Haihe, Pearl river basin and Hong Kong district.In October 1991, we visit Department of Water Resources Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Research in Beijing to discuss the recent problems of water resources in Haihe river basin. Then, in Hong Kong, we had a meeting with professors of Hong Kong University on water demand and supply balance in such a small district with a large population. In March 1992, we had a second meeting at same institute to discuss the special topics of rainfall prediction and reservoir operation for flood. Through these two trips, the following results were gained,1. We understood the general problems of water resources planning in ChinaOne of them is to solve the unbalance between water supply and demand in Northern China and another is to prevent the rapid increase of water demand over water supply in Southern China.2. Operational problems of water management system were discussed from the view pont of natural science and economy. Because of long time lag from rainfall to run of discharge, the operator needs only monitoring information on rainfall and water height in river channel. In future, rainfall prediction in short-time and discharge prediction in long-term will become more important for water development.3. In Northern China, the land subsidence is getting serious problem caused by pumping up the industrial and irrigation water. We proposed the rational planning procedure of water resources through optimal network of gauging stations of rainfall and ground water. More detail investigation is requested for land and water resources development.In Hong Kong, the ocean pollutant will become the environmental problem.