An Archaeological Study on the Cities and Trade Route in Ancient Gandhara

东京国立博物馆考古使命团在叙利亚的主要考古博物馆（大马士革、帕尔米拉、瑞典等）工作（1/10 - 14/10）以及重要的罗马商业城市（帕尔米拉、乌加里特、阿帕米亚等）在巴基斯坦（1993年10月15日至12月23日），与巴基斯坦考古和博物馆部恢复了普查工作。在阿伯塔巴德、Mansehra、Penghal等地发现并调查了52个迄今为止未知的地点。在52个遗址中，有两个值得特别注意;1）Kote Pahari遗址位于哈里布尔东北约15公里处，位于一座海拔约500米的岩石山上，俯瞰哈里布尔平原。1992年，建筑物地基上的尿布砌体被认为是佛教性质的。但清理，小规模挖掘，测量的网站清楚地表明，这是一个设防网站位于靠近旧的商业干道。2）约30公里的贝沙姆以东是阿莱网站的梯田玉米田沿着阿莱河。调查了波卡尔村的6个地点和邻近村庄的5个地点。Pokal-Stupa遗址迄今为止共发现了4座佛塔，这是该地区第一个确定的佛教遗址。村民们从附近的居住地发现了犍陀罗坟墓文化的标本（因此该遗址大约在公元前7世纪-至少在公元5世纪被使用）。Kote Pahari在更全面的范围内继续工作肯定会澄清当时城市文化的有趣方面。印度河两岸的塔克西拉和对面的斯瓦特将有助于我们更好地了解安拉的佛教，以及迄今为止未知的东西方贸易路线。

The Archaeological Mission of the Tokyo National Museum worked in Syria (1/10 - 14/10) at the major archaeological museums (Damascus, Palmyra, Sweda etc.) and at important Roman commercial cities (Palmyra, Ugarit, Apamia etc.) to compare the nature of contemporary cities in Hazara Division.In Pakistan (15/10 - 23/12/93) the general survey work with the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan was resumed. Some 52 hitherto unknown sites around Abbottabad, Mansehra, Pattan, etc. were located and surveyed. Of the 52, two deserve special attention ;1) Kote Pahari Site is located some 15 KM to the NE of Haripur on top of a ca.500m rock mountain looking down the plain of Haripur. In 1992, the diaper masonry on the foundation level of buildings was considered to be of buddhist nature. But cleaning, small-scale excavation, measurement of the site made it clear that it was a fortification site situated close to the old commercial trunk road.2) Ca.30 KM to the east of Besham is Allai Site on terraces of corn-fields along the Allai River. 6 sites in Pokal Village and 5 more in neighboring villages were surveyed. Pokal-Stupa site yielded so far 4 stupas ; it is the first ascertained buddhist site in this Division. Villagers found specimens of the Gandhara grave culture from nearby dwelling sites (thus the site was in use ca.7th century B.C. - 5th century A.D. at least).Continued work of Kote Pahari on a fuller scale will surely clarify interesting facets of city culture of the day. Taxila on the same bank of the River Indus and Swat on the opposite will help us to understand Buddhism of the Allai better, and so far unknown trade-routes between the East and the West.