Structural Changes of WORKSHARING in Local Labor Market and Reorganization of Agriculture

对未来农业的发展方向进行了预测，并对工作共享理念在农业中的适用性和必要性进行了检验。我们还对WORKSHARING的应用和管理调整进行了一些思考。本研究的主要结论如下：第一，当前日本农业最大的问题是吸引年轻一代的新劳动力。因此，有必要制定促进青年劳动力进入农业的法律，通过融资支持他们，建立新的技术和管理教育体系，准备进入农村的制度。第二，扩大和创造农村社区的就业机会。相应地，农业分工合作需要增加农业生产收益和开创新的业务，农业合作社和地方政府主要以利用当地资源为主导。第三，农业分工合作的一个基本功能是解决季节性劳动力供需缺口。例如，在农业上实行劳动分工制，可以方便地在不同的专业农场或地区之间转移剩余劳动力。最后，澄清了雇工农业中的一些问题。存在的问题是劳动力短缺，难以保证劳动者的长期就业，难以调整农户之间的分配。为了解决这些问题，需要建立适应用工的地方管理制度。

We have forecasted the direction of agriculture in the future and examined the applicability and the necessity of WORKSHARING concept to agriculture. We also have examined some considerations of the application and management adjustment of WORKSHARING.The major conclusions in this research could be summarized as follows.First, the greatest issue of the present Japanese agriculture is inducing new labor forces from the younger generation. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the laws which promote young workers to enter the agricultural sector, to support them by financing, to make a new educational system of technology and management, and to prepare the institution of entry.Second, it is important to expand and produce opportunities of employment in rural community. Accordingly, agricultural WORKSHARING needs increase returns in production of agriculture and embark on new business, that agricultural coperative and local government mainly leads with using local resources.Third, an essential function of agricultural WORKSHARING is to resolve a seasonal labor gap between supply and demand. For example, it is ease to excharge surplus labor force among different specialized farms or areas by applying WORKSHARING in agriculture.Finally, some problems in farming with hired labor were clarified. The problems are the labor shortage, difficulties to assure the workers the long term employment, difficulties to adjust the allocation between farms. In order to solve these problems, the establishment of local management in adjustment to hired labor is needed.