Studies in breeding of seil-compatible Japanese pear and its adaptability to environment.

1. 选用自交亲和抗黑斑病的5个日本梨品系，在鸟取县的果园进行了适应性试验。其中TH-17的果实在果园中均表现出高糖、果肉细腻、高产的特点。因此，可以认为TH-17适应了鸟取县的环境；后期品系TH-7和TH-11在果园中表现出较高的果实品质。研究了开花期间温度条件与菌株自结实率的关系；15℃以上的温度能满足它们的受精和结果。为了鉴定菌株，将DNA指纹技术应用于日本梨。利用日本梨的红细胞DNA探针进行RFLP分析，检测菌株的特异性杂交模式。从叶片中制备的过氧化物酶同工酶的Native PAGE中获得了特异带型。由于它们具有自交性，因此不需要人工授粉。但是，要将它们作为‘二生’和‘小穗’的传粉媒介，有必要确定它们的自交不亲和等位基因。用‘nijisisseiki’、‘Kosui’和‘Kiyosumi’进行鉴定，确定TH-17的s等位基因为S_4S_5， TH32为S_2S_4。

1. Five Japanese pear strains bred from 'Osa-Nijisseiki' were selected as self compatible and resistant to Black spot decease, and they were tested for the adaptability to the orchards in Tottori prefectrue. The fruit of TH-17, one of the strain, showed high sugar contents, fine flesh and high yield in any orchard. Therefore, it was assumed that TH-17 adapted for the environment in Tottori prefecture ; late strains TH-7 and TH-11 showed high fruit quality in the orchards.2. Relation between temperature condition and percentage of self-fruitfullness in the strains was studied during flowering ; temperature above 15C satisfied their fertilization and bearing.3. In order to identify the strains, DNA finger printing methods was adapted to Japanese pear. RFLP analysis using Rbcs DNA probe from Japanese pear performed to detect the specific hybridization pattern of the strains. The specific banding pattern was obtained from Native PAGE of Peroxidase isozyme prepared from leaves.4. Artificial pollination is not necessary for the fruit bearing of the strains, because of their self-compatibility. However, it is necessary to determine their self-incompatibility allele for using them as pollinizer for 'Nijisseiki' and 'Kosui'. 'Nijisseiki', 'Kosui' and 'Kiyosumi' were use for the determinaiton, it was clarified that S-alleles of TH-17 was S_4S_5 and TH32 was S_2S_4.