Systematic Analysis of Biological Timing

在生物计时的系统分析中，得到了以下结果：1)亚细胞振荡的分子机制：在两个不同的物种中分析了cClock基因，在脉孢子虫(Nakashima)中分析了FRQ基因，在果蝇(Young)中分析了PER和TIMENTER基因。从基因产物的动力学来看，转录-翻译-蛋白质合成-转录调控的闭合反馈环参与了昼夜节律的产生。2)夹带和振荡耦合的机制神经内分泌学研究表明，5-羟色胺能系统参与了位于蟋蟀(Tomioka)视叶的起搏器的振荡性耦合以及大鼠SCN(Inouye)VIPmRNA的昼夜节律。建立了在恒定条件下表现出异常节律性的诱变剂转基因小鼠(Takahashi)。从培养在电极上的单个SCN神经元监测神经元的活动(块)。3)昼夜节律表达的机制先天性视杆缺陷小鼠的生物钟仍然能够携带到光(Ebihara)。本文研究了松果腺和视网膜在日本螈(Aoki)昼夜节律组织中的作用。在大鼠柴田，NO参与NMDA受体介导的SCN神经元活动节律的相移。脑室旁NPY的释放是周期性喂养(S.Honma)大鼠食前皮质酮峰值所必需的。在暗光条件下(K.Honma)，显示了人类昼夜节律的社会夹带。光诱导的fos基因表达与昼夜节律(ABE)的相移没有必然联系。Tau突变仓鼠最显著的特征是振荡耦合减弱(Menaker)。GnRH脉冲式分泌调节LHβ亚基(Thorner)的转录。5-羟色胺能系统参与运动性相移(图雷克)

In the systematic analysis of biological timing, the following results were obtained.1)Mollecular mechanisms of subcellular oscillation :cClock genes were analyzed in two different speices, frq gene in Neurospora (Nakashima), and per and timeless genes in Drosophila (Young). From the dynamics of gene products, a closed feedback loop of transcription-translation-protein systhesis-transcriptional regulation was suggested to be involved in the circadian rhythm generation.2)Mechanisms of entrainment and oscillatory couplingNeuroendcrinological studies revealed that the serotonergic system was involved in the oscillatory coupling of pacemakers located in the optic lobes of cricket (Tomioka) and in the circadian rhythm of VIPmRNA in the rat SCN (Inouye). Mutagen-induced transgenic mice were established which showed abnormal rhythmicity under constant conditions (Takahashi). Neuronal activity was monitored from a single SCN neuron cultured on electrodes (Block).3)Mechanism of circadian rhythm expression Circadian clock of congenital rod deficient mice is still capable of entraining to light (Ebihara). The roles of pineal gland and retina were investigated in the circadian organization of Japanese newts (Aoki). Involvement of NO was demonstrated in the NMDA receptor mediated phase-shift of SCN neuronal activity rhythm in rats (Shibata). Paraventricular NPY release was essential for the prefeeding corticosterone peak in rats under periodie feeding (S.Honma). Social entrainment of human circadian rhythm was demonstrated under dim light condition (K.Honma). Light-induced fos gene expression was not necessarily associated with phase-shift of the circadian rhythm (Abe). A most prominent property of the tau-mutant hamster was in the weakened oscillatory coupling (Menaker). GnRH pulsatile secretion regulated the transcription of LHbeta subunit (Thorner). Involvement of serotonergic system was demonstrated in the exercise-induced phase-shift in hamsters (Turek)