Basic study of optic nerve regeneration by transplantation for clinical application

1.对非哺乳动物视网膜的新观察通过组织化学和电生理学研究，揭示了Newt视网膜再生过程中视网膜神经元的出现顺序。Araki提出了一种遗传程序，基于对一只变异的鹌鹑的观察，将视网膜神经元从色素上皮细胞转化为视网膜神经元。促进视网膜再生的营养因子Horie在胶原凝胶中培养新生小鼠和成年大鼠的视网膜外植体，发现肝细胞条件培养液促进了视网膜组织的突起形成。Wakakura研究了兔Muller细胞内钙离子对谷氨酸的反应，并提出了Muller细胞对视网膜损伤的保护作用。周围神经移植后视网膜神经节细胞的轴突再生Watanabe揭示，猫视网膜的阿尔法型神经节细胞在周围神经移植后的轴突再生能力最高。Tauchi在变性或再生的大鼠视网膜神经节细胞中显示缝隙连接。福田通过记录移植的神经移植物的单个单位活动来表征猫视网膜再生神经节细胞的感受场特性。佐佐木证明，在视觉通路受损的仓鼠身上移植可以恢复视觉辨别能力。人类视网膜的再生Tamai开发了一种受损视网膜色素上皮的动物模型，在该模型中，测试了有效的手术程序来修复受损的视网膜组织。高桥成功地在穆勒细胞存在的情况下培养了人视网膜神经节细胞。

1. New observations in non-mammalian retinaSaito revealed the sequence of apperance of retinal neurons during retinal regeneration from the pibment epithelium in the newt by histochemical and electrophysiological studies. Araki suggested a genetic program in the transdifferentiation of retinal neurons from pigment epithelial cells based on observations in a quail mutant.2. Trophic factors for the promotion of retinal regenerationHorie cultured retinal explants of new-born mice and adult rats in collagen gel and revealed that hepatocyte conditioned media enhanced process formation from the retinal tissue. Wakakura studied intracellular Ca^<2+> responses to glutamate in rabbit Muller cells and suggested a protective role of Muller cells against retinal injury.3. Axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells after peripheral nerve transplantationWatanabe revealed that alpha-type ganglion cells of the cat retina have the highest ability in axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve graft. Tauchi showed gap junctions in degenerating or regenerating ganglion cells of the rat retina. Fukuda characterized the receptive field properties of regenerated ganglion cells of the cat retina by recording single unit activities from transplanted nerve graft. Sasaki demonstrated that visual discrimination could be retrieved by transplantation in hamsters with damaged visual pathway.4. Regeneration of human retinaTamai developed an animal model of damaged retinal pigment epithelium in which effective surgical procedures were tested to restore the damaged retinal tissue. Takahashi succeeded in culturing human retinal ganglion cells in the presence of Muller cells.