Study of Industry and Culture in Modern France through the Works of Zola

本文试图通过对左拉的《鲁贡-麦夸尔》的分析，揭示出法国世纪后半期工业、科学技术和现代化大城市的发展与新文化或人类心理之间的关系。我们的工作将分为三点：1。奥斯曼对巴黎的改造-我们在《烹饪》中看到了左拉将这部作品小说化的巧妙方式，特别是在参观尤金大道的拆除工程的场景中，我们考察了城市的“解剖”成为现代科学运作的隐喻。我们还明确指出，“温室”，现代建筑的原型与铁和玻璃，代表了现代社会作为一个空间的博览会和欲望。百货公司和时装业的发展--芸香街，一条新的宽阔的街道，左拉的Au Bonheur des Dames想要面对的街道，在证券交易所和歌剧院之间运行。它向我们展示了这样一个事实：百货公司对左拉来说是投机和奇观的结合。分析了百货大楼玻璃空间的诱惑美学。通过对勒内各种服饰的考察，我们也探讨了第二帝国时期的时尚与文化问题。工业化社会与性别问题-左拉把他的百货公司设想成一个巨大的、怪物般的“机器”，象征着工业社会。这是男人发明的剥削妇女的机制。我们通过小说中的女性角色分为三类--购物者（消费者）、雇员（工人）和经理的妻子（管家）来考察女性与消费资本主义的关系。

In this project, we have tried to demonstrate how Emile Zola's Les Rougon-Macquart represents the relation between the developpement of industry, scientific technology and great modern cities, on the one hand, and a new culture or human mentality, on the other hand, in the latter half of 19th century France. Our works will be divided into three points :1. The renovation of Paris by Haussmann---we have seen in La Curee, Zola's ingenious way of novelizing this work, and particularly, in the scene of the visit to demolition works at the Boulevard Prince-Eugene, we have examined that the "dissection" of the city becomes a metaphor of modern scientific operations. We also made clear that the "glasshouse", prototype of modern architecture with iron and glass, represents the modern society as a space of exposition and desire.2. The developpement of the department store and the fashion industry---the Rue du Dix Decembre, new wide street on which Zola's Au Bonheur des Dames wants to be faced, runs between the stock exchange and the opera. It shows us with the very fact the department store is for Zola a union of speculation and spectacle. We have analyzed the aesthetics of seduction in the glass space of the department store. Through the examen of Rene's various costumes, we also have discussed the problem of fashion and culture under the Second Empire.3. The problem of industrialized society and gender---Zola conceives of his department store managed by Octave Mouret as a gigantic and monstrous "machine" which symbolizes the industrial society. It is a mechanism of exploiting women invented by men. We have examined the relation between women and consumer capitalism through the feminin characters in the novel divided into three categories---the shoppers (consumer), the employees (worker) and the wife of manager (housekeeper).