Molecular epidemiology of Theileria infections in Africa : Characterization of parasites of wild and domestic animals.

从赞比亚中部省的牛中建立了感染细小芽孢杆菌分裂的淋巴母细胞样细胞系。通过Southern blot分析和使用一组抗分裂体单克隆抗体的间接荧光分析，发现该寄生虫在遗传和抗原性上与赞比亚东部省水牛来源的细小疟原虫（T.parva lawrencei）和牛来源的细小疟原虫（T.parva parva parva）不同。基于聚合酶链反应的限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）分析了赞比亚分离株的主要螺质和鞘蛋白基因，也证实了上述结果。采用基于小亚基核糖体RNA （srRNA）基因的PCR方法，从南非感染希勒菌的非洲水牛中提取DNA样本，检测希勒菌。它们含有几种希氏菌，包括布氏T.buffeli（或sergenti）和该动物物种特有的其他寄生虫。前者可能在牛和水牛之间传播。用PCR方法扩增了一种从貂羚中分离出来的伊氏菌寄生虫的主要螺质表面抗原基因，并测定了该基因的核苷酸序列。该寄生虫在系统发育上不同于从牛和非洲水牛中分离出来的其他希勒菌。在南非斑马红细胞中检测到巴贝虫样螺质，并成功体外培养。它们在形态上与马的巴贝斯虫相似。基于EMA-1基因分析，目前正在对源自斑马的寄生虫进行进一步的分子表征。在其他野生动物的血液涂片中也检测到其他几种螺浆菌（巴贝斯虫或泰氏菌），包括kudu、猎豹、长颈鹿、狮子、caracol（非洲野猫）。有些寄生虫尚未分类，因此基于srRNA基因的寄生虫分子特征研究对于明确野生动物和家养动物寄生虫的分类和系统发育关系至关重要。少

Lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with Theileria parva schizonts were established from cattle in Central Province of Zambia. The parasites were genetically and antigenically different from buffalo-derived T.parva (T.parva lawrencei) and also from cattle-derived parasites (T.parva parva) in Eastern Province of Zambia, as revealed by Southern blot analysis and indirect fluorescent assay by using a panel of anti-schizont monoclonal antibodies. Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of major piroplasm and shizont protein genes of Zambian isolates also confirmed the above-mentioned results.DNA samples were prepared from Theileria-infected African buffalo in South Africa and analyzed for the detection of Theileria by PCR based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gemes. They contained several species of Theileria, including T.buffeli (or sergenti) and other parasites unique in this animal species. Possible transmission of the former sp … More ecies among cattle and buffaloes are suggested.A major piroplasm surface antigen gene of Theileria parasite isolated from a sable antelope was amplified by PCR and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The parasite was phylogenically distinct from other Theileria species isolated from cattle and African buffalo.Babesia-like piroplasms were detected in erythrocytes of zebra in South Africa, and successfully cultured in vitro. They were morphologically similar to Babesia equi in horses. Further molecular characterizations of the zebra-derived parasites are now underway based on EMA-1 gene analysis.Several other piroplasms (Babesia or Theileria) were also detected in blood smears from other wild animal species including kudu, cheetah, giraffe, lion.caracol (wild cat in Africa). Some of the parasites have not been classified so that further molecular characterizations of the parasites based on srRNA genes are essential to clarify taxonomical and phylogenical relationships among parasites from wld animals and those from domestic animals. Less