Evolutionary Studies of Heterochrony in Tropical Plants

1.从马来西亚的马来半岛、沙捞越和沙巴以及印度尼西亚的西里伯斯、塞拉姆（摩鹿加）和苏门答腊收集各种植物材料。在此基础上，进行了以下研究.基于matK序列分析苦苣苔科单叶苔属植物种间的分子系统发育关系，并与以往基于形态特征的单叶苔属分类进行比较分析.对Monophyllaea horsfieldii和M.hirtella的极不等子叶进行了形态发生和组织化学研究。形态发生发生在两片子叶之一的基部，这两片子叶长成一片普通的绿叶。子叶基部出现非顶端的居间分生组织。哪一个子叶增大是由于两个子叶之间的竞争。在一年生植物中，光叶木的分生组织在其生殖阶段比大多数多年生植物早消失。然而，在推测的一年生（或单心皮）的微小M.minima（nom.nud.），分生组织在生殖阶段仍然存在。奇异海棠的花序生于叶柄上，叶柄分生组织位于两片子叶之间，而其他种类的分生组织位于两片子叶之下。分子系统发育分析表明，虽然形态上有所不同，但紫衫蕨科与紫衫蕨属的亲缘关系较近。对该属异胚叶形态的观察表明，羽状、下垂的叶是从足状的Matonia lepentus演化而来的。实地观察表明，我们的收藏品包括最近来自陆地物种，和那些物种形成次生从rheophytes。它们将有助于进一步研究物种形成的异时性。

1. Various kinds of plant materials were collected from Malay Peninsula, Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia, and Celebes, Seram (Moluccas) and Sumatra, Indonesia. Using those, the following studies were conducted.2. An analysis of molecular phylogenetic relationships among species of Monophyllaea (Gesneriaceae) based on matK sequences is going on. A comparative analysis will be made with previous classifications of the genus based on morphological characters.3. Morphogenetic and histochemical studies have been carried out of extremely unequal cotyledons of Monophyllaea horsfieldii and M.hirtella. Morphogenesis takes place at the base of one of two cotyledons, which grows into a common foliage leaf. A non-apical, intercalary meristem appears at the base of the cotyledon. Which cotyledon enlarges is due to competition between two cotyledons. In the annual species M.glabra, the meristem disappears during its reproductive phase much earlier than in most perennial species. However, in the presumably annual (or monocarpous) M.minima (nom.nud.), the meristem remains during the reproductive phase. In M.singularis with inflorescenses arising on the petiolode, the petiolode, meristem appears between two cotyledons, whereas in most other species, the meristem appears below two cotyledons.4. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Matoniaceae showed that Matonia and Phanerosorus are closely related, through they are morphologically distinct. Observations of heteroblastic leaf morphology of the genera suggest that the pinnate, pendulous Phanerosorus leaves were derived from the pedate Matonia leaves.5. Field observations suggested that our collections include rheophytes that were recently derived from land species, and those that were speciated secondarily from rheophytes. They will be useful for further studies of speciation involving heterochrony.