Chromatographic Approach to Environmental Sciences of Dioxin

京都工业大学和姬路工业大学与哥白尼大学和隆德大学合作开发了各种色谱分离介质，包括填充在石英管中的烷基化二氧化硅、限制进入的反相填充材料、多核芳烃（PAH）固定化二氧化硅和用于电动色谱（EKC）的聚合物伪固定相。这些材料应用于以下研究：（1）多氯二恶英和多氯联苯的光分解，（2）二恶英、多氯联苯和多环芳烃GC/MS分析的血清样品处理，以及（3）疾病控制中心（CDC，美国）与CDC毒理学部门合作进行的环境污染物的高效和高选择性分离。(1)废水中的四氯二恶英和共面多氯联苯很容易吸附在石英管中的烷基化二氧化硅表面，在紫外光照射下发生快速光分解， ...更多信息 t从管道外部。二恶英从2、3、7或8位失去氯原子，这些氯原子为二恶英提供毒性。多氯联苯遵循一个主要的分解途径，在许多可能的路线。具有六氯和五氯取代的共面多氯联苯分解迅速，而具有四个或更少氯原子的多氯联苯分解缓慢。产品相对简单，不会形成二恶英，这是焚烧过程中所怀疑的。大规模分解是下一个目标。(2)普通的C18硅胶不能吸附血清中的所有蛋白质，导致疏水性污染物的残留。据认为，使用限制进入型包装材料至关重要。二恶英，共面多氯联苯，非平面多氯联苯和多环芳烃之间的组分离可以通过使用多环芳烃固定化二氧化硅来实现。限制进入型和PAH键合固定相的组合有望为血清的GC/MS分析提供自动化的样品前处理。(4)烷基化的星状树枝状大分子在水-甲醇混合物中具有良好的EKC性能，可用于疏水化合物的分离。将EKC分离与MS联用有望为环境分析提供一种新的高灵敏度和快速的方法。还通过产生连续多孔二氧化硅柱来检查超高效率的产生。由于目前缺乏可靠的分解方法，二恶英和多氯联苯等环境污染物的分离和分解方法的研究进展，将为此类污染物提供一种有效的评价方法和安全的分解方法。少

Various chromatographic separation media, including alkylated silica packed in quartz tubing, restricted-access reversed-phase packing material, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) -immobilized silica, and polymeric pseudo-stationary phase for electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), were developed in Kyoto Institute of Technology and Himeji Institute of Technology in cooperation with Copernicus University and Lund University. These materials were applied for the following studies, (1) photo-decomposition of polychlorodioxins and PCBs, (2) sample treatment of serum for GC/MS analysis of dioxins, PCBs, and PAHs, and (3) high-efficiency and high-selectivity separation of environmental contaminants, at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, USA) in cooperation with the toxicology unit of CDC.(1) Tetrachlorodioxin and coplanar PCBs in aqueous waste were readily trapped onto the surface of alkylated silica in quartz tubing, and underwent rapid photo-decomposition, when irradiated with UV ligh … More t from outside the tubing. The dioxin lost chlorine atoms from 2, 3, 7, or 8-positions that provide the toxicity to the dioxins. PCBs followed one major decomposition pathway among many possible routes. Coplanar PCBs with hexachloro and pentachloro substitution decomposed rapidly, while PCBs with four or less chlorine atoms showed slow decomposition. The products are relatively simple without formation of dioxins, that was suspected with incineration processes. Large-scale decomposition is the next objective.(2) Ordinary C18 silica was unable to elute all the proteins in serum, resulting in carry-over of hydrophobic contaminants. The use of restricted-access type packing materials was found to be essential. Group separations among dioxins, coplanar PCBs, nonplanar PCBs, and PAHs can be achieved by using a PAH-immobilized silica. The combination of restricted-access type and PAH-bonded stationary phase is expected to provide an automated sample pretreatment for GC/MS analysis of serum.(4) Alkyated starburst dendrimers provided excellent performance in EKC in a full range of water-methanol mixtures for the separation of hydrophobic compounds. Coupling of this EKC separation with MS is expected to produce a new high-sensitivity and high-speed method for environmental analysis. Generation of ultra-high efficiency was also examined by creating continuous porous silica columns. Progress in separation and decomposition methods of environmental contaminants by the chromatographic approach will provide an efficient evaluation method as well as a safe decomposition method of dioxins and PCBs that must be kept at the site of finding because of the lack of reliable decomposition methods at present. Less