Analysis of neuronal network for temperature regulation.

恒温动物的体温受多种自主神经和行为反应的控制，温度感受器分布于全身。这个多输入-输出系统受中枢神经系统的调节，在中枢神经系统的顶部，不包括视前区的下丘脑位于中枢神经系统的上方。体温调节的神经元网络已经通过刺激和消融大脑来研究，下丘脑的重要性变得明显。尽管单单位研究取得了丰硕的成果，但我们对体温调节网络的了解几乎没有进展，这使得我们很难将电生理和药理学数据与在整个动物中观察到的体温调节反应直接联系起来。例如，我们还不知道是什么神经元组在控制每个效应器的反应，以及它们在哪里发送传出信号。该项目计划将体温调节研究中的这一“缺失环节”连接起来。FI…首先，我们分析了体温调节性血管运动的传出投射。电泳学和消融研究表明，视前区的温敏神经元向腹侧被盖区发出抑制信号，向PAG发出兴奋信号，以控制体温调节血管运动。其次，电刺激的结果很久以前就表明，下丘脑后部(PH)对于控制颤抖是重要的，但尚不清楚是神经元受到刺激，还是只是传递纤维。我们发现，在将GABAA受体激动剂Muscimol注入PH区后，冷诱导的寒战被抑制，因此PH区必须含有发送兴奋信号的神经元，才能引起寒战。但PO温敏神经元可能绕过PH，直接向较低的神经元结构发送抑制信号，因为PO升温被发现抑制了PH与其他下丘脑隔离的动物的颤抖。较少

The body temperature of homeothermic animal is controlled by multiple autonomic and behabioral responses and themoreceptors are distributed throughout the body. This multiple input-output system is regulated by the central nervous system, on the top of which the hypothalamus uncluding the preoptic area is located. The neuronal network for thermoregulation has been investigated by stimulation and ablation of the brain, and the importance of the hypothalamus became apparent. In spite of the flourishing outcome of single unit studies, there is almost no advance in our knowledge of the thermoregulatory "network", which makes it difficult to link electrophysiological and pharmachological data directly with thermoregulatory responses observed in whole animals. We don't know yet, for example, what groups of neuron are working for control of each effector response, and where they send efferent signals. This project was planned to connect this "missing link" in the study of thermoregulation. Fi … More rst, we analyzed efferent projection from the proptic area for thermoregulatory vasomotion. Electrophisilogical and ablation study revealed that warm sensitive neurones of the preoptic area send (1) inhibitory signals to the ventral tegmental area and (2) excitatory signals to the PAG for thermoregulatory vasomotor bontrol. Next the results of electrical stimulations had long ago showed that the posterior hypothalamus (PH) is important for the control of shivering, but it was not clear whether it was neurons that ware stimulated or it is only passing fibers. We found that cold-induced shivering was suppressed aftor muscimol, an agonist of the GABAa receptor, was injected into the PH,which therefore must contain neurons that send excitatory signals that elicit shivering. But PO warm-sensitive neurons may send inhibitory signals directly to a lower neuronal structure, bypassing the PH,since PO warming has been found to suppress shivering in animals whose PH was isolated from other hypothalamus. Less