THE MEANING OF RELATIVISM AND THE POSSIBILITY OF PHILOSOPHY OF SUBJEKTIVITY

主体性理论在近代的发展，明显地受到各个时期科学认识的影响。也就是说，寻求普遍原则的主体性理论在很大程度上是由所谓的“历史性”决定的。另一方面，“客观性”的主张本身也不过是作为特定社会主体的科学家的一种假设或要求。科学虽然受社会欲望的驱动，但缺乏对自身整体意义的追求，而且还以普遍性、一致性、客观性等确定性标准为中介进行自我包装，从而只起到推动相对主义的作用。在主体性理论的发展与相对化现象的关系中，可以确认的是本应寻求绝对确定的客观认识的科学行为与主体自我认同的尝试之间的根本联系。因此 ...更多信息 在先验哲学的各种著作之后，一切被认为是实现科学目的的必要条件的东西，如终极价值、绝对确定性、不可移动的基础、永恒的原则等，都被证明不过是保证主体行为的工具。“绝对真理”仅仅是作为“理念”的公设，没有任何人类理性能够在精确的意义上证实它的存在。这种肯定必然会加速相对主义。只要倡导各种“终极价值”，就没有别的出路，要么准备无休止的徒劳之争，要么容忍相互之间的“相对性”。这并不一定说人类对“思想”的朝圣是毫无意义的，因为凭借这些思想来确认一个人身份的“可验证性”是人类的基本本性之一。要解决这个问题，就必须反复追问相对主义的意义。其中一条线索应该是在对主体性哲学的可能性的彻底考察中找到的。少

The development of the subjectivity-theories in modern periods is affected distinctly by the scientific cognizance of each period. That is to say, the very subjectiviy-theory that sought for the universal principles is largely determined by the so-called "historicity". On the other hand, the claim of "Be objective" itself is nothing but a hypothesis or a request of the scientists who are specific social subjects. Although science is driven by the social desires, it lacks the quest for its own overall meaning, and also camouflages itself through the medium of standard for certainty such as universality, uniformity and objectivity, thus only plays the role to promote relativism. What can be confirmed in the relations between the developments of subjectivity-theory and the relativization-phenomena is the fundamental connection between scientific deed which should have been seeking for the absolutely certain-objective cognition and the trial for self-identification of the subject. Therefor … More e, after the various works of the transcendental philosophies, all the matters that had been recognized as the necessities to achieve the goal of science, such as ultimate value, absolute certainty, immovable ground and eternal principle, have been proved to be nothing but apparatus, which guarantee the deed of the subject. "Absolute truth" is merely the postulate as "idea" which no human reason can confirm its existence in precise sense. It is inevitable that this kind of confirmation accelerates relativism. As long as various "ultimate values" are advocated, there is no other way than to be either ready for endless-unproductive debates or tolerant for the mutual "relativity". This does not necessarily say that the human pilgrimage for "ideas" is meaningless, because it is one of the fundamental human natures to confirm the "justifiability" of one's identity by virtue of these ideas. The problem cannot be solved without questioning the meaing of relativism repeatingly. One of the clues should be found in the thorough investigation into the possibilities of the philosophy of subjectivity. Less