An analysis of the effects of the transportation improvement policies on individuals'quality of life based on individuals'time use data

本研究以大阪-神户都市圈为研究对象，透过住户调查收集个人的时间使用资料。利用我们收集的数据集和其他个人的时间使用数据集，我们开发了活动模型，并将其应用于交通改善政策的评估。基于随机效用最大化的概念，建立了两类自由裁量活动的时间分配模型。自由裁量活动包括在家和在家外。后者导致旅行到从事活动的地方。该分析可用于行程数的预测。建立了通勤者时间利用与下班后出行的结构方程模型系统，对诱导出行进行了评价。将模型系统应用于评估一些可选的改进策略。开发了一个模型系统，用于量化与个人日常活动-旅行模式相关的效用。假设个人将时间分配给每一项活动，使总效用最大化，则确定每项活动的持续时间，并评估与备选日常模式相关的选择概率。这一方法框架被应用于评估替代性交通改善政策。基于活动模式选择模型，建立了可达性指数，以评价对个体生活质量有贡献的交通措施。这个可达性指数被表示为期望最大效用。可达性指数的计算表明，可达性受居住地点、工作地点和通勤时间的影响。提出了一个个体日常活动行为的微观模拟模型系统。该模拟模型结合了空间、时间和耦合约束，限制了个体的日常活动行为。模型系统由活动选择模型、模式与目的地选择模型和活动持续时间模型组成。该模型系统被用于估计假设的交通政策对一个想象的个体的影响。少

In this study, we collected individuals'time use data through household survey in Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area. Using the data sets we collected and the other individuals'time use data sets, we developed activity models and applied it to the evaluation of transportation improvement policies.We developed a time allocation model to two types of discretionary activities based on the concept of random utility maximization. Discretionary activities are engaged in in-home and out-of-home. The latter causes the trip to the place the activity is engaged. The analysis can be adopted to forecast trip generations.A structural equations model system of commuters'time use and travel after work was developed to evaluate induced trips. The resulting model system was applied to evaluate some alternative improvement strategies. A model system was developed for quantifying the utility associated with individuals'daily activity-travel patterns. Assuming that individuals allocate time to each activity whi … More le maximizing the total utility, the duration of each activity is determined and choice probabilities associated with alternative daily patterns are evaluated. This methodological framework was applied to the evaluation of alternative transportation improvement policies.An accessibility index based on activity pattern choice model was developed in order to evaluate transportation measures that contribute to individuals'quality of life. This accessibility index was formulated as the expected maximum utility. The calculation of the accessibility index indicated that accessibility is affected by residential location, work location, and commuting time.A micro-simulation model system of individuals'daily activity behavior was presented. This simulation model incorporates spatial, temporal and coupling constraints that restrict individuals'daily activity behavior. The model system is composed of an activity choice model, a mode and destination choice model and activity duration models. The model system was applied to estimate the effect of hypothetical transportation policies on an imaginary individual. Less