Modeling Human Errors on Shiphandling -Workload and Performance-

日本地区已经发生了一年多的碰撞和搁浅事故，造成700人或更多的伤亡。据认为，这些伤亡几乎全部是由导航员的人为错误造成的。为防止航海人员人为失误造成人员伤亡，在船舶运行中采取了一些预防措施。但基于上述措施，很难找到明显的减少人员伤亡的措施，在采取预防措施之前，需要对导航员的人为错误进行系统的研究。作者计划对导航员的人为错误进行系统的研究。本研究的目的如下：a.解释导航员人为错误的发生机制。对导航员的人为错误进行建模。提出有效预防航海员人为失误的措施。本研究从三个不同角度进行了调查。第一种是系统工程观点，第二种是安全工程观点，第三种是劳动科学观点。沿着这一思路，在船舶和模拟器上进行了大量的操纵实验，对操作人员进行了生理测量，并对10多年来日本海上事故的许多报告进行了统计分析。这项研究的详细说明见官方报告。得出的结论是，几乎全部达到了最初的预定目标。

700 or more casualties on collisions and grounding for a year had been occurred in Japanese area. It was considered that almost whole of these casualties had been caused by human errors of naviators. In order to prevent casualties caused by human errors of navigatros, some prevention measures had been taken into ship operation. But it was difficult to find obvious reducion of those casualties based on above-mentioned measures.Before taking measures to prevent those casualties, a systematic research on human errors of navigators should be needed. The authors had planned a systematic research on human errors of navigators. Objectives of this research were as follows ;a. Explanation of the occurrence mechanism of human errors on navigators.b. Modeling human errors of navigators.c. Proposal of effective prevention measures against human errors of navigators.This research had investigated from three different points of views. First one was a viewpoint of System Engineering, second was Safety Engineering and third was Labor Science. Along this idea, plenty number of manoeuvring experiments on ships and simulators with physiological measurements of the human operator had executed and many reports of Japanese sea accidents for more 10 years had also analyzed statistically. Detailed description of this reaserch were found in the official report. It is concluded that almost whole of intended objectives at the beginning were satisfied.