A NEW DEVELOPMENT OF COMPATATIVE METHOD IN ECOLOGY

通过计算机模拟，验证了在系统发育信息不完全的情况下，利用系统发育信息的比较方法的有效性。试验了独立对比法、上位分类单元平均法、分类单元内比较法。这些方法都存在系统发育信息不完整的问题。独立对比法最有效地利用了信息。在独立对比方法中，系统发育信息的不完整性对系统发育的影响较大，导致1类错误率较高;在独立对比方法中，种内变异对系统发育的影响较大。第1类错误率受种内变异模式的影响。各物种样本量的变化与种内变异的影响相似。只有在从另一个大样本中已知种内变异量的情况下，使用种内变异量的校正才有效。进化速率的变异与种内变异具有相似的作用。为模拟而开发的程序在数据分析中也很有用。

Validity of comapative methods that use phylogenetic information under incomplete phylogenetic information was examined by computer simulation. Independent contrast method, higher taxon averaging method, within-taxon comparison method were tested. All the methods were not free from the incompleteness of phylogenetic information. Independent contrast method used the information most effectively. The effect of incompleteness of phylogenetic information was large in independent contrast method and derived the higher rate of type 1 error.For independent contrast method, the effect of intraspecific variation was examined. The rate of type 1 error was affected by the pattern of intraspecific variation. The variation of sample size in each species had the similar effect with intraspecific variation. Correction using the amount of intraspecific variation was effective only under the case where the amount of intraspecific variation was known from another large sample. The variation in evolutionary rate had the similar effect with intraspecific variation. The programs developed for the simulation was also useful in data analysis.