S STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CHEWING UPON THE PHYSICAL & MENTAL DEVELOPMENT FROM THE CENTRAL NEURAL SYSTEM

最新研究表明，咀嚼与一般健康之间存在着关系。我们先前报道，脑组胺通过下丘脑腹内侧核调节饱腹感，并通过三叉神经中脑核调节咀嚼功能。为了考察咀嚼对一般健康的影响，我们在昼夜节律分析盒中测量了喂食颗粒或流食的WKA大鼠的生理摄食行为，每天照亮0800-2000小时(12：12-12小时的光暗周期)。以下提到的参数被评估：食物和流质饮食的膳食大小，水的摄入量，活动量和卡路里摄入量，根据光明和黑暗时期的膳食大小计算。遥测大鼠被手术植入了发射器，这些发射器可以测量活动、温度和心率。比较两组在自然喂养前后的体温和心率等变量。两组动物在实验期间的体重增长无明显差异。饲喂流质饲料的大鼠在光照期的热量摄入量高于饲喂颗粒饲料的大鼠。流食组大鼠的平均体温在光暗期均高于颗粒组。颗粒饲料组在开始摄食后30min体温升高，液体饲料组在开始摄食后30min体温一度下降，30min后升高。两组大鼠在开始进食后15min心率均有所增加，提示不同食物稠度的颗粒饲料和流质饲料可能在咀嚼时引起不同的口腔感觉，对大鼠的消化过程和代谢产生不同的影响。

Latest studies have shown the relationship between mastication and general health. We previously reported brain histamine modulates satiation through the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and masticatory function through the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. To examine the involvement of mastication to general health, we measured the physiological feeding behavior of the WKA rats fed with pellets or liquid diet in the circadian analyzing box illuminated daily from 0800 to 2000 h (a 12 : 12-h light-dark cycle). The following parameters mentioned below were evaluated : a size of the meal with food and liquid diet, water intake, activity and caloric intake calculated from meal size in both light- and dark-period. The telemetry rats were surgically implanted with transmitters which measured activity, temperature and heart rate. Variables, temperature and heart rate, before and after a spontaneous feeding were compared between two groups. There were no difference of the increases of body weight between two groups during the experiment period. The caloric intake in light period increased in the rats fed liquid diet compared to that of the rats fed with pellets. The average temperature in the liquid diet group were higher than that in the pellet group in both light- and dark-period. While the temperature increased in the pellet group in 30 min after initiation of feeding, it once decreased in 15 mine and then increased in 30 min after initiation of feeding in the liquid diet group. The heart rate increased in 15 min after start of feeding in both groups.These findings suggest that pellets and liquid diet which have the different food consistency suppose to induce different oral sensation at the mastication and have different effects on the digestive process and metabolism in rats.