Integration of Information in Cooperative Human-Machine Systems Learning in Gray Zone

结果分为五类，如下1.从贝斯概率模型到Dempster-Shafer模型：本研究提出了一种利用客观数据的Dempster-Shafer理论模型，并提出了融合主观信念信息和客观信息的最优组合方法。DS模型的公式比Bays模型更简单，有利于学习人类在灰色区域添加的主观信息的影响。人机协同监控系统中人的作用：在DS模型中，将人机协同监控系统与自动监控系统进行比较。因此，分析提出了将人工判断纳入自动监控比完全自动判断更有效的条件。时间临界性对人的可靠性的影响分析：通过关注时间临界性如何影响人在灰色区域的判断，I…进一步分析了人为错误对监控类型决定的影响，即人机协作型或完全自动型。积极利用灰色地带：减少灰色地带并不总是意味着减少不确定性。我们的结果表明，正确的判断是可能的，积极地利用灰色地带。从这个角度来看，该模型被应用于产品安全设计和维修管理中的基于状态的监控。此外，我们的研究还提出了一种安全设计，考虑到灰色地带作为面向21世纪的新设计范式。在移动传感器系统中的应用及其可靠性分析：分析了由移动传感器组成的监测系统，其中每个传感器除了系统中的“安全”和“危险”外，还输出“灰色区域”，当移动传感器输出灰色区域时，它收集多个传感器，并对信息整合后的状态进行判断。这一应用表明，利用灰色区域获得可靠性是有用的。较少

Results are classified into five categories as below.1. From Bays probabilistic model to Dempster-Shafer model : Our research proposed a Dempster-Shafer theoretical model in which objective data were used and the optimal combination method were proposed to incorporate subjective belief information with objective information. The formulation in DS model is simpler than it in the Bays model so that the DS model is useful to learn effect of subjective information which human adds at a gray zone.2. Role of human in cooperative human-machine monitoring system : In the DS model, a human-machine cooperative monitoring system was compared with an automatic monitoring system. As a result, some conditions were analytically proposed under which incorporating human judgments into automatic monitoring was more effective than complete automatic judgments.3. Influence analysis of time-criticality on human reliability : By focusing on how time-criticality influences human judgments at the gray zone, I … More analyzed how human errors depend upon decision of the monitoring type, that is, human-machine cooperative type or complete automatic type.4. Positively utilizing a gray zone : Reducing a gray zone does not always mean reducing uncertainty. Our results show that, rather, correct judgment is possible by utilizing positively the gray zone. From the point of view, our model was applied to product safety design and to condition based-monitoring in maintenance management. Also, our study proposed a safety design in consideration of a gray zone as a new paradigm of design toward the 21st century.5. Application to mobile sensors system and its reliability analysis : Monitoring systems consisted of mobile sensors were analyzed where each sensor outputted "gray zone" in addition to "safety" and "danger" In the system, when the mobile sensor outputs gray zone, it collects several sensors and judges the state after integration of information. This application showed that utilizing the gray zone is useful to obtain reliability. Less