STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES ON HUMAN HEALTH

柴油车消耗30-100次以上的粒子（DEP）是汽油发动机车。DEP是最重要的空气污染物质之一，特别是在大城市。以前，研究人员发现DEP可以与氧化物反应，使其在体外生产超氧化物阴离子基物（O_2^-·），没有任何生物激活系统。根据需要了解，更进一步，DEP与人类健康有关的生物效应机理与反应性氧中间体，我们瞄准1）孤立和识别化合物对产生O_2^-·在DEP中产生的反应，2）估计DEP组件在碱性酶活性上的抑制活性，其中是反应性氧中间体的清除剂。此外，DEP对补充活动的影响已被评估。1） DEP是系列提取的，包括六文、苯、二氯甲烷和甲醇，而且它发现了O_2^-·生成物质分布到每个4个提取物，指示DEP可以生成O_2^-的异质化合物。超氧化物anion的生产活动的这些提取物被严重地增加了NADPH和P450还原酶。在色谱和HPLC中，一个O_2^-·生产物质是孤立的，化学结构被识别为1-甲基-3-羟基磷酸盐。（2）DEP的缓冲区提取物可以抑制催化剂的活动，在氯离子的存在中。因此， DEP可以通过生产反应性氧中间体（ROI）来损害人类健康，并抑制ROI的退化。Furthermore， DEP提取物可以激活人类补充系统的替代途径。从这些研究中发现，DEP抑制和沉积在trachea可能损害细胞和某些不同机制中的脉冲性疾病。

Diesel cars exhaust 30-100 times more particles (DEP) than do gasoline engine cars. DEP is one of the most important air pollution substances, especially, in the big city. Previously, the authors found that DEP could react with oxygen to produce superoxide anion radicals (O_2^-・) in vitro without any biological activating systems. In order to know, furthermore, the mechanism of biological effects of DEP on human health related to reactive oxygen intermediates, we aimed to 1) isolate and identify the compounds responsible for generation of O_2^-・in DEP,and 2) estimate the inhibitory activity of DEP components on catalase activity which is the scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediate. And furthermore, the effects of DEP on the complement activity was evaluated.1) DEP were extracted serially, with hexane, benzene, dichloromethane, and methanol, and it was found that O_2^-・generation substances were distributed to each 4 extracts indicating that heterogeneous compounds in DEP could generate O_2^-・Superoxide anion producing activity of these extracts were increased seriously by reduction with NADPH and P450 reductase. With column chromatography and HPLC,a O_2^-・producing substance was isolated and the chemical structure was identified as 1-methyl-3-hydroxyphthalate. 2) Buffer extract of DEP could inhibit the activity of catalase, in the presence of chloride ion. Thus, DEP could injury human health by producing reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), and inhibition of degradation of ROI.Furthermore, DEP extract could activate the alternative pathway of human complement system.From these studies, it was found that DEP inhaled and deposed in trachea could injury cells and induce pulmonary disease with some different mechanisms.