Universal Patterns of Language Development Considered from the Typological Features of the Languages of Indo-China

本研究是对先前关于克伦语的研究项目的延伸。应用上一个项目过程中建立的方法步骤，通过一种田野调查对语言数据进行采样，确定所述语言的语言类型，最后试图找出过去可能对克伦语以外的其他语言进行克里奥里化的遗迹，尽管通常被指控为“不和谐”的星座，表示句子语气的所谓“副词”助词通常被放置在句子中，例如疑问句等，最终在东南亚几乎所有的动词中间语言中，无论它们与语言家族的遗传亲和力如何。基于句子表达的命题和情态应该基本分开的观点，本文运用了语法引力的概念，认为没有必要使用…所表示的句子语气更多的副词，在结构上与通常被认为代表命题概念的动词表达相联系。通过东南亚一些不同来源的语言，证明了状语助词的结构形式与其他不同的句法现象有关，正因为如此，即使在东南亚的动词中间语言中，状语也可以置于句末位置。虽然我们在现阶段的讨论中还不能确定，但东南亚的语言表现出了一些句法现象，可以认为是克里奥里化的遗迹。如上所述，“语法引力”的概念在解决迄今无法解释的类型学之谜方面发挥了核心作用。通过开展一系列的研究项目，自然语言的“克里奥里化假说”有望完成。较少

The present research has been carried out as an extended sequel of the previous research project on the Karen language. Applying the methodological steps established in the course of the previous project, sampling linguistic data by a kind of fieldwork, identifying the linguistic type of the language in question, and, finally, trying to find out relics of a possible creolisation in the past, to the other languages than Karen,In spite of the often alleged "disharmonious" constellation, so-called "adsentential" particles, indicating sentential mood such as interrogativity and the like, are generally placed sentence-finally in almost all verbmedial languages in South-East Asia, irrespective of their genetic affinity to the language families. Utilising the notion of "Grammatical Gravitation" based on the idea that proposition and modality of the sentential expression should be principally kept apart from each other, it is argued that there is no need for sentential mood, often indicated by … More adsentential particles, to be structurally associated with verbal expressions which are usually conceived of as representative for the notion of proposition. By means of a number of languages of different origins, spoken in South-East Asia, it is demonstrated that the structural device of adsentential particles is related to other different syntactic phenomena, and exactly for this reason, adsentential particles can be placed in the sentencefinal position even in the verb-medial languages (of South-East Asia).Although we are not yet sure at the present stage of discussion, the languages of South-East Asia reveal to show a number of syntactic phenomena which could be conceived of as relics of creolisation. As poited out above, the notion of "Grammatical Gravitation" turns out to play a central role in solving typological mysteries, which could not be accounted for hitherto. By carrying out a successive research project, "creolising hypothesis" of natural languages is expected to be completed. Less