Estimation of the Fatigue Cost Caused by with Commuting Congestion

本研究的目的是估算东京通勤列车拥堵所造成的疲劳的货币价值。随着列车拥堵程度的增加，旅途中的疲劳也随之增加。我们构建了一个以拥堵程度为变量的效用函数的Mills类型城市模型。我们推导了一个租金函数作为该模型的解。租金函数的自变量是位置到CBD的距离和拥堵程度。利用这个函数，我们进行了两个研究项目。在第一个研究中，我们使用东京中线沿线的数据对这个租金函数进行了回归。在此基础上，我们估计了效用函数的参数，进而估计了拥堵的社会成本；在第二个研究中，我们使用东京多列通勤列车的数据对该函数进行了回归，每一列通勤列车都有不同程度的拥堵。我们分别估算了每条线路的疲劳成本，不同线路之间的拥堵程度的差异远远大于卓线不同路段之间的差异。由于这个原因，我们能够在第二项研究中获得统计上更显著的结果。例如，我们的估算显示，从幕古高冈园出发的单程旅行(旅行时间30分钟)的疲劳成本为376日元，而时间成本为322日元。

The purpose of this research is to estimate the monetary value of fatigue caused by congestion of commuting train ride in Tokyo.As the congestion of train increases, so does the fatigue caused by the journey. We constructed a Mills type urban model with a utility function that has the degree of congestion as a variable. We derived a rent function as the solution of this model. The independent variables of the rent function are the distance of the location from the CBD and the degree of congestion. Using this function, we conducted two research projects.In the first research, we run regressions of this rent function using the data along the Chuo Line in Tokyo. Based on this, we estimated the parameters of the utility function, and then the social cost of congestion.In the second re search, we run regressions of this function using the data for multiple commuter trains in Tokyo, each of which has different degrees of congestion. We estimated the fatigue cost separately for each line.The difference in the degree of congestion among deferent lines is far larger than the difference among different segments of the Chuo Line. For this reason, we were able to obtain statistically more significant results in the second research. Our estimates show, for example, that the fatigue cost of a one-way trip from Mukougaoka-yuen (travel time 30 minutes) is 376 yen, while the time cost is 322 yen.