Comparative Study on Commercialized Food Production in Africa

在津巴布韦，我们侧重于小规模农业，包括非洲人的小规模商业农场(SSC)以及公共土地和重新安置地区的农业。SSC作为一个社会阶层正在发展壮大。这意味着非洲人开始参与资本主义农业。在三种类型的SSC中，勤劳的家庭农场类型具有引发社会变革的能力。这类人追求的目标与公有土地上的农民截然不同。他们中的大多数人仍然保持着传统的农民价值体系。然而，现金经济的扩张迫使他们引入小商品生产。城郊农业虽然是一个小山泉，但在这一点上一直扮演着重要的角色，但对它的研究却很少。在安置地区从事小规模灌溉农业的农民位于SSC农民和公共土地农民之间。它们可以被评价为实现了以自我为导向的发展。在坦桑尼亚，我们分析了鲁伍马地区马滕戈社会的特点和“变化”。这种社会结构是由集约农业支撑的高人口密度村和由母村衍生的低人口密度村的组合。这种结合使以农民的方式看待商品经济成为可能。我们可以把这一点视为“马登戈”社会的特征。“马登戈”社会的农民选择咖啡生产作为商品经济的战略。咖啡是世界性的商品，市场结构复杂，价格波动剧烈，特别是在咖啡市场自由化后，农民受到了很大的困扰。

In Zimbabwe, we focused on small-scale agriculture consisting of small-scale commercial farms by Africans (SSC) and agriculture in communal lands and in resettlement areas. SSC is growing as a social class. This implies that Africans started to participate in capitalist agriculture. Among of three types of SSC, hardworking family farm type has capability to cause social change. This type seeks for quite different target from those of farmers in communal lands. Most of them still keep the traditional value system of peasantry. However, expansion of cash economy forces them to introduce small commodities production. Although "Chime", a small spring, agriculture on the outskirts of cities has been taking an important role in this point, less study has done about it. Farmers who are engaged in small-scale irrigated agriculture in resettlement areas are positioned between farmers of SSC and of communal lands. They can be evaluated as achieving seligovernment orientation development. Thus, hardworking farmers in SC, communal lands, and resettlement areas are the source of reconstruction of the society.In Tanzania, we analyzed the features, and the "change" of Matengo society in the Ruvuma Region. This society has the structure which works as combination of the high population density villages sustained by intensive agriculture with the low population density villages derived from mother villages. This combination makes it possible to see commodity economy in the way of peasantry. We can regard this point as the features of the "Matengo" society. Farmers in the "Matengo" society choose coffee production as the strategy for adoption of the commodity economy. As coffee is the world-wide commodity, farmers are trifled with by the complicated structure of marketing system and the fluctuations of price, especially after liberalization of coffee marketing.