A study of primate perceptual completion in a comparative and developmental perspective.

1)从比较的角度分析了鸽子和猕猴的知觉完成过程。受试者接受了训练，将CRT显示屏中央带有触摸传感器的单个黑色水平条的绝对长度分类为“长”或“短”；他们实际上触摸了显示屏底部的两个反应位置中的任何一个。在他们掌握了这项任务后，在目标栏旁边放置了一个大的灰色方框。在基线训练中，目标条和灰框之间的距离保持不变。在受试者在这种情况下表现良好后，他们被测试了“长”和“短”反应的比例如何受到所有反应都无差别强化的探针试验中间隙的大小的影响。当差距为0时，猴子持续报告“多头”的频率比基线更高。也就是说，当目标条接触到灰色框时，他们高估了目标条的长度。这表明猴子在知觉上完成了目标条形图的“隐藏”部分。另一方面，无论是在这种情况下，还是在随后的两个实验中，鸽子都没有表现出类似的趋势。鸽子和非人类灵长类动物的知觉完成过程似乎有很大的不同。2)研究了黑猩猩的时空边界形成(Shipley&Kellman，1994)。触敏监视器上显示了两只黑猩猩的随机斑点。一个想象中的图形中的点与它外面的其他点有不同的颜色。受试者将5个不同的虚构数字与实心数字进行匹配。当假想图形摆动时，受试者的匹配准确率高于静止图形时。和人类一样，黑猩猩可能会整合时空信息来感知看不见的轮廓。

1)Perceptual completion processes of pigeons and rhesus macaques were experimentally analyzed in a comparative perspective. The subjects were trained to classify the absolute length of a single black horizontal bar at the center of the CRT display with a touch sensor on it into "long" or "short" ; they actually touched either of the two response location at the bottom of the display. After they mastered this task, a large gray box was placed next to the target bar. The gap between the target bar and the gray box remained constant in the baseline training. After the subject performed well in this situation, they were tested how the proportion of "long" and "short" responses were affected by the size of the gap in probe trials in which all the responses were nondifferentially reinforced. The monkey consistently reported "long" more often than baseline when the gap was 0. That is, they overestimated the length of the target bar when it touch to the gray box. This suggests that the monkeys perceptually completed the "hidden" part of the target bar. On the other hand, pigeons showed a similar tendency neither in this situation nor the two experiments that followed. There seems to be a big difference in the prosses of perceptual completion in pigeons and nonhuman primates. 2)The spatiotemporal boundary formation (Shipley & Kellman, 1994) was studied in the chimpanzee. Two chimpanzees were shown random dots on the touchsensitive monitor. The dots within an imaginary figure had a color different from the others out of it. The subjects matched 5 different imaginary figures to solid ones. When the imaginary figure noved, the subjects' matching accuracy was higher than when it stayd still. Like humans, chimpanzees may integrate the spatial and temporal information to perceive invisible contours.