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A comparative and developmental study on mental operation of internal representations

内部表征心理运作的比较与发展研究

基本信息

批准号：
17300085
负责人：
FUJITA Kazuo
金额：
$ 11.07万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17300085/
关键词：
internal representation thought metacognition memory affcet nonhuman primates birds dogs メタ記憶錯視推論社会的知性

项目摘要

The purpose of this project was to shed light to the evolution of abilities to mentally operate various internal representations by a comparative and developmental approach to this cognitive activity. Some of the results obtained include the following; we showed that: a)Tufted capuchin monkeys were able to recognize strength of their memory trace. However, such metamemory was not as refined as they recognized the detailed contents of the memory trace. b)Pigeons and human children planned their future behavior in solving a computerized maze problem. That is, they often made incorrect movements of the token toward the old goal location when it was suddenly moved. c)Dogs and squirrel monkeys recalled their caretakers' faces when they heard voices of the caretakers; that is, they spontaneously convert auditory information into corresponding visual images in their mental representation. d)Tufted capuchin monkeys adapted their problem solving behavior to their observation of partner monkey's incorrect acts. That is, they learn wisdom from the follies of others. e)Pigeons perceived several geometric illusions. However, in some cases, their perceptual distortion was in the direction opposite to humans'. f)Domestic dogs were able to infer existence of objects from the shape of the fabric that covered the objects. g)Tufted capuchin monkeys were able to infer causes of others' facial expression. h)Tufted capuchin monkeys were sensitive to others' welfare and shared food differentially depending upon social situations. i)Tufted capuchin monkeys were able to recognize human attention suggested by the states of eyes. All of these results suggest that many nonhuman animal species are capable of mentally operating various internal representations of social and physical information. This project ended one year earlier than planned because we succeeded to obtain a new superior grant(Scientific Research(S)).

这个项目的目的是揭示能力的演变，心理操作各种内部表征的比较和发展的方法，这种认知活动。获得的一些结果包括以下内容;我们表明：a）簇绒卷尾猴能够识别其记忆痕迹的强度。不过，这种元记忆并不像记忆痕迹中的细节内容那么精细。B）小猪和人类的孩子在解决计算机迷宫问题时计划他们未来的行为。也就是说，当代币突然移动时，他们经常向旧的目标位置进行不正确的移动。c）狗和松鼠猴在听到看护人的声音时，会回忆起看护人的面孔;也就是说，它们会自发地将听觉信息转换为心理表征中相应的视觉图像。d）簇绒卷尾猴根据观察到的伙伴猴的错误行为调整了解决问题的行为。也就是说，他们从别人的愚蠢中学习智慧。e）Piglitary感知到几个几何错觉。但在某些情况下，他们的感知扭曲方向与人类相反。f）家犬能够从覆盖物体的织物的形状推断物体的存在。g）簇绒卷尾猴能够推断他人面部表情的原因。h）簇绒卷尾猴对他人的福利敏感，并根据社会情况不同分享食物。1.卷尾猴能够通过眼睛的状态识别人类的注意力。所有这些结果都表明，许多非人类动物物种能够在心理上操作社会和物理信息的各种内部表征。这个项目比计划提前一年结束，因为我们成功地获得了一个新的上级资助（科学研究（S））。