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Recognition of covert objects and events : Comparative and developmental approaches

隐秘物体和事件的识别：比较和发展方法

基本信息

批准号：
13410026
负责人：
FUJITA Kazuo
金额：
$ 8万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This project aimed at understanding how recognition of physical and social environments has evolved by analyzing recognition of covert objects and events in diverse nonhuman species from comparative and developmental perspectives. Major findings follow : 1.Perceptual processes : (1)Tufted capuchin monkeys completed contours and internal textures of partly occluded objects following the same principles as humans would do. (2)Contrastingly, pigeons never completed despite a variety of experimental operations along shape, ecological significance, motion, form of completed contour, etc. of the objects. (3)Pigeons perceived a regular Muller-Lyer illusion but not the reversed illusion which humans would perceive when the arrowheads are separated from the target line. There found considerable differences in fundamental perceptual processing among species. 2.Social cognition and social intelligence : (1)Dogs, horses, Japanese monkeys, and squirrel monkeys were shown to recall corresponding vis … More ual images upon hearing the voices of social agents. These animals seem to conceptually recognize social agents by integrating information from multiple sensory modalities. (2)Capuchin monkeys were experimentally shown to take apparently deceptive actions whey they competed with each other for food. (3)Capuchins learned to find food by following the advice of the person who looked into the food cup. They understand that looking leads to knowing. (4)Capuchins spontaneously cooperated when they had to divide a sequence of actions between two participants. This cooperation continued when only one of the participants received food at a time. A rudimentary form of reciprocal altruism was shown. Thus New World monkeys were demonstrated to have excellent social intelligence. 3.Physical intelligence and inference : (1)Vervet monkeys were shown to conduct a rudimentary subtraction in a food-searching task. (2)Capuchins were shown to recognize the spatial relationship among food, a tool, and the obstacle and to choose the option leading to easier access to food. Less

该项目旨在通过从比较和发展的角度分析不同非人类物种对隐蔽物体和事件的识别来了解物理和社会环境的识别是如何演变的。主要调查结果如下：1.感知过程：（1）簇绒卷尾猴遵循与人类相同的原则完成部分遮挡物体的轮廓和内部纹理。（2）与此相反，鸽子从来没有完成，尽管各种实验操作沿着形状，生态意义，运动，完成轮廓的形式等的对象。（3）猪只感知到一种规则的Muller-Lyer错觉，而不是人类在箭头与目标线分离时感知到的反向错觉。研究发现，不同物种在基本知觉加工方面存在着相当大的差异。2.社会认知和社会智力：（1）狗、马、日本猴和松鼠猴被证明能回忆起相应的维斯 ...更多信息在听到社会代理人的声音时的性形象。这些动物似乎通过整合来自多种感觉方式的信息来概念性地识别社会代理人。（2）实验表明，卷尾猴在相互竞争食物时会采取明显的欺骗行为。（3）卷尾猴学会了通过听从观察食物杯的人的建议来寻找食物。他们明白，看导致知道。（4）卷尾猴在两个参与者之间分配一系列行动时会自发地合作。当每次只有一名参与者获得食物时，这种合作仍在继续。互惠利他主义的一种基本形式被展示出来。因此，新世界的猴子被证明具有出色的社会智力。3.身体智力和推理：（1）黑长尾猴在寻找食物的任务中表现出基本的减法。（2）卷尾猴能够识别食物、工具和障碍物之间的空间关系，并选择更容易获得食物的选项。少