An Empirical Study on the realities of the War-Time Researches in Japan during the World War II

本文主要以参与日本战时科研动员的日本科学家为研究对象，对日本战时科研动员进行了调查。然而，最近我们开始能够利用其他来源：一个是GHQ/SCAP记录，另一个是已故的技术委员会主席INQUE Tadashiro伯爵的文件和记录。在这项研究中，我试图比较这些来源，并得出以下结论。(1)技术委员会管理的研究项目规模小，课题分散，组织成员有时重叠，政府主管部门关注的问题复杂。(2)技术委员会的主要兴趣曾经集中在战争初期的航空工程领域。但到了最后阶段，为了保持战争的潜力，又转向了替代性燃料、材料和食品的开发。而陆军工兵的利益集中在炮兵和部队的传统领域。(3)美国陆军部的兴趣有些不同，他们对通信、雷达、火箭或喷气推进剂、制导导弹、红外线、潜艇声学、死亡射线、原子弹、轰炸气球、化学战和生物战等领域更感兴趣。(4)本文以日本原子弹计划为例，指出美国专家在对原子弹计划可行性的评估中，对原子弹计划可行性的两份调查报告和实地考察报告所持的不同态度。但这种差异是由对日本人的不信任等因素造成的。

Our investigations on the War-Time Research Mobilization Projects in Japan during the World War H have been carried on, depending mainly upon the witnesses of the Japanese scientists involved in those projects. Recently we have , however, come to be able to avail ourselves of other sources : one is the GHQ/SCAP Records, and the other is the documents and the records included in the tiles of the late Count INQUE Tadashiro who was in the post of President of the Technical Board.In this research I tried comparing these sources and extracted the following conclusions.(1) The research projects under the control of the Technical Board were of small scale with the widely scattered subjects, of which the members of the organizations were sometimes overlapped and the concernings of the government authorities were complicated.(2) The main interest of the Technical Board was once focussed in the field of aeronautical engineering at the opening stage of the War. At the final stage, however, it shifed to the developments of the substitutional fuels, materials and foods in order to maintain the potentials to continue the war. Whereas the interests of the Army engineerees were concentrated into the traditional fields of the artillery and the troops.(3) The intersts of the Department of the Army of the USA were somewhat different They are more interested in the fields such .as communications, raders, the rocket-or jet-propellants, the guided missiles, the infrared ray, submarine acoustics, Death Ray, the atomic bomb, the bombing balloons, the chemical warfare and the biological warfare.(4) In the case study of Japanese A-Bomb project I pointed out a difference in the attitudes towards the evaluation of its feasibility between the two reports of the investigations or the field inspetations carried by the American specialists. But this difference was caused by the factors such as a distrust upon the Japanese and so on.