On the Processes of Establishment of Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory in the Late 19th Century

这个项目的目的是弄清楚麦克斯韦主义者是如何在19世纪后期建立麦克斯韦电磁理论的。虽然这是日本对麦克斯韦学派的第一次研究，但下面的重要成果是在英国学者的帮助下获得的，特别是Peter Rowlands博士、David Edward博士和David King先生，他们曾就关于O.Lodge爵士的许多重要文献向我提出建议，并在利物浦大学给了我很多设施。洛奇爵士作为麦克斯韦的追随者，在麦克斯韦死后为建立麦克斯韦的电磁理论做出了杰出的贡献，特别是他著名的关于电磁波和以太引力的重要实验。然而，他不仅通过巧妙的实验取得了良好的科学成果，而且发现了无名的年轻麦克斯韦主义者的优秀作品，并将它们传播到科学家的社会中。赫维赛德是一个古怪而孤独的工程师，但却很有才华，他得到了洛奇的认可，他的作品通过洛奇的斡旋而广受欢迎。赫茨关于电磁波的历史性实验也由洛奇和g.f.菲茨杰拉德传达给英国的科学家，他们在1888年巴斯会议上宣布赫茨的实验为关键实验。洛奇对日本学者NAGAOKA Hantaro博士和MURAKAMI Harutaro的影响也在这个项目期间被发现，这些是日本物理学史上的重要材料，尽管这些不是关于电磁学的。

The purpose of this project is to make clear how Maxwellians had performed their parts with establishment of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in the late 19th century. Although this is the first research on Maxwellians in Japan, the following important results were obtained with the assistance of English scholars, especially Dr. Peter Rowlands, Dr. David Edward and Mr. David King, who had suggested me on many important literatures on Sir O.Lodge and had given me a lot of facilities in the University of Liverpool.Sir O.Lodge as a Maxwellian had made distinguished services to establish Maxwell's electromagnetic theory after the death of Maxwell, particularly with his famous important experiments on electromagnetic waves and ether drag. He had not only achieved, however, good scientific results with skillful experiments, but found out the excellent works of nameless young Maxwellians and propagated them into the society of scientists. O.Heaviside, an eccentric and solitude engineer but a talented person, was recognized by Lodge and his works were made popular through Lodge's good offices. H.Hertz's historical experiments on electromagnetic waves were also conveyed to scientists in England by Lodge and G.F.FitzGerald who declared Hertz's experiments as experimentum crucis at Bath meeting of BAAS in 1888.Lodge's influences on Japanese scholars, Dr. NAGAOKA Hantaro and MURAKAMI Harutaro, also were discovered during the term of this project and these are important materials on the history of physics in Japan, though these were not on electromagnetism.