Development of Legal Education Methods Using Legal Knowledge Base System

在本研究中，开发了利用法律知识库系统进行法律教育的方法。已开发的法律教育系统实现了合同法的知识结构，可以展示法律关系的变化：通过选择一个案例，该系统可以对问题适用合同法(《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》)时发生的法律关系变化进行演绎，并可以将演绎结果显示为法律关系变化的时间图，由此可以追溯到过程中适用的规则和符合规则的案例中所包含的事实，展示演绎法律关系变化的推理过程的基础。该系统还可以用法律基本概念演绎案例中的任意问题，并能显示…的解决方案和解释更多的是它的推理过程。使用该系统，教师可以系统地讲解法律知识结构，学生可以通过自己的操作轻松理解。值得注意的是，解决问题的法律知识体系之所以能够被掌握，是因为法律体系是在每个子目标组中逐步展示的，以证明关于法律关系存在的最高目标，而不是因为法律体系是沿着法典体系展示的。与不使用这个系统相比，学生逐渐能够清晰、准确和完整地写出解决问题的原因。此外，该系统还可以显示由于理论差异而得出的不同结论及其原因，从而使学生更好地理解理论的差异、意义和作用。学生自己也可以写进知识库，这样他们就可以创建自己的理论并安装它们，可以与它们一起进行推理实验并进行评估，或者可以演示自己的理论的合理性。这些结果在几所大学的课堂上进行了实验使用，并通过对学生的问卷调查等方式验证了这些法制教育方法的有效性。结合这项研究，改进了系统的公共使用软件，建设了法律纠纷支持系统和合同谈判支持系统，并开发了人机界面。较少

In this research, legal education methods using legal knowledge base system have been deveIoped. The developed legal education system has implemented the knowledge structure of contract law, and can demonstrate changes among legal relationships : with the selection of an example case, the system can deduce the changes in legal relations that take place in case of the application of contract law (the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)) to the question, and can display the result of the deduction as a chronological figure of changes in legal relations, from which the basis of reasoning process on the deduction of the changes in legal relations can be shown tracing back to the rules applied in the process and the facts contained in the example case which is satisfied with the rules. And the system can also deduce in terms of legal basic concepts about the arbitrary questions on an example case, and can show the solution and the explanation of … More its reasoning process as well. Using this system, instructors can explain the legal knowledge structure systematically, and students can understand it easily through their own operations. It is remarkable that the system of legal knowledge for problem solvings can be mastered because the system of law is shown stepwise at every subgoal group in order to demonstrate the top goal concerning the existence of legal relations, not because the system of law is shown along the system of the code of law. Students come to be able to write the reasons for problem solving sclearly, exactly and fully, in contrast with making no use of this system. In addition, this system can show differences in the conclusion and its reasons that derive from differences in theories, so students can understand differences, meanings and functions of the theories well. Students themselves can also write into the knowledge base, so they can create their own theories and install them, and can make experiments in reasoning with them and evaluate them, or can demonstrate the justification of their own theories. These results are in experimental use at the classes in a few universities, and the effectiveness of these legal education methods has been verified by means of questionnaires for students and so on. In association with this research, improvement of the software for public use of the system, constructions of the legal disputation support system and the negotiation support system for contracts, and development of human interfaces have been performed. Less