A study of Post-disaster Life Reconstruction in Hanshin Earthquake

透过深入访问地震灾民、分析问卷调查及听取当地读者意见，研究结果如下。(1)坂神地震的破坏和伤亡程度虽然具有强烈的地方差异和社会阶层差异的特点，但在这5年的灾后生活重建过程中，这种趋势得到了强化，社会弱势者变得更加贫困。(2)[住房重建]在通过政府援助而重建成功的居民和没有得到政府支持而重建成功的居民（其中大部分是社会抑郁症患者）之间的差距已经扩大。(3)[就业重建]政府向受害企业家提供了避难厂区和临时重建厂区的援助菜单。这些支持只提供给大企业家。大多数小企业主依靠家庭、亲戚和生意伙伴的支持，自力更生重建工厂，但在经济萧条的情况下，经营资金出现了困难。(4)[社会]情况]从一开始就没有政策规定灾后住房要留在原来的小区，原来的社区消失了，偏远地区的公共住房新社区还没有出现。(5)显然，对于那些无法利用政府援助的受害者来说，需要连接政府和当地人民的非营利组织的支持。

Through intensive interviews with earthquake disaster victims, analysis of questionnaire research and hearings from local readers, the findings are as follows.(1) Though the degree of damage and casualties of Hanshin earthquake has strongly characterized by local differences and social stratification differences, this tendency has been reinforced throughout post-disaster life reconstruction process of these 5 years ; socially weak persons become much in poverty. (2) [housing reconstruction] The gap has been increased among the residents who achieved success in reconstruction through the supporot of the government and not success (most of them are socially depressed people) by failing to get the government suppot. (3) [job reconstruction] Government has offered aid menu of shelter factory yard and tentative reconstruction factory yard to victim entrepreneurs. These supports are only available to big entrepreneurs. Most small entrepreneurs reconstructed their factories by self-help with the support from families, kin and business colleagues, but have been difficult in operational funds under depression. (4) [social] circumstances] There was no policy, from the beginning, that the post-disaster housing should remain in the same district, the fromer community disappeared, and the new community in public housing at the remote area is not appeared yet. (5) It becomes clear that, for victims who can not utilize the aids from government, the supports from the NPO who connect between the governmental administration and local people are needed.