A Study on the macro-structure of Japanese text and constructing a database for teaching Japanese language

最近，日语作为外语教学的需求正在增加，使用日语通过互联网和国际社会进行交流的趋势也很大。但是阅读教材还处于开发阶段，要想制作出一本好的教材或日语教材，还需要相当长的一段时间。阅读的过程以及如何理解课本中出现的单词、短语和句子并不是一件容易的事。因此，日语学习者在阅读日语材料时遇到了很大的困难。我们发现，相对而言，日语学习者更容易理解日语词汇和语法。我们认为日语最困难的事情是学会如何从语境中阅读，并找出文本的宏观结构。本研究运用认知科学的方法论对阅读理解过程进行了研究。我们使用计算机使我们能够……更多地了解阅读理解系统是如何构建的。本研究使用的硬件是Macintosh，软件是HyperCard。我们的阅读文章是《宗教行为与宗教意识》。该系统的目的是让学习者了解日语文本的宏观结构，并研究阅读过程。我们提供了包含“宗教行为与宗教意识”文本的13张HyperCard堆叠卡。这些书库由Yomi 1（阅读1）和Yomi 2（阅读2）组成。在我们的数据中，我们有200多名非日本本土的高级学生和日本学生作为我们的考生。接下来，我们让考生读13张卡片，从Yomi 1和Yomi 2中选择13个关键句子，然后我们让他们从给出的13个关键句子中总结文本。然后，我们将考生选择的所有关键句子自动输入到计算机中。此外，我们还让他们预测下一张卡片的内容。在本研究中，我们发现非母语考生往往过于关注单词、短语和/或句子的微观结构。因此，他们被关键句子所误导，误解了文本的层次结构。少

Recently, the need for teaching Japanese as a foreign language is increasing and the tendency to use Japanese to communicate through the internet and among the international community is also in great demand. But the teaching materials in reading is still in the stage of developing and it takes quite a time for us to be able to produce a good material or Japanese text books.The process of reading and how to understand the words, phrases and sentences which appear in the text book is not an easy task. Therefore, learners of Japanese have great difficulties in reading Japanese materials. We find that it is easier for learners of Japanese to understand Japanese vocabularies and grammar relatively. What we think is the most difficult thing in Japanese language is to learn how to read from the context, and to find out the macro-structure of the text.This research investigated the process of reading comprehension by using the methodology of Cognitive Science. We used a computer to enable us … More to know how the reading comprehension system has been constructed. The hardware used in this research is Macintosh and the software is HyperCard. We used " Shukyoteki-Kodo to Shukyo-ishki (Religious Behavior and Religious Consciousness)" as our reading article.The purpose of this system was to make learners understand the macro-structure of Japanese text and to investigate the process of reading. We provided 13 cards of HyperCard stacks which contain the text of "Shukyoteki-Kodo to Shukyo-ishki (Religious Behavior and Religious Consciousness)."The stacks consist of the Yomi 1 (Reading 1) and the Yomi 2 (Reading 2). For our data, we had more than 200 non-native Japanese students in advance level and Japanese students as our examinees.Next, we had the examinees read 13 cards and choose 13 key sentences from Yomi 1 and Yomi 2, then, we had them make a summary of the text from the 13 key sentences given. Then, we automatically in-put all the key sentences chosen by the examinees in the computer. Moreover, we also had them predict what would the content be in the next card.For this research, we found that non-native examinees tend to pay too much attention to words, phrases and/or micro-structure of the sentences. Consequently, they were misled from the key sentences and misunderstand the hierarchical structure of the text. Less