Studies on cognitive functions by cortical field potential recording

训练猴进行自定步调的手指、脚趾、嘴、手或躯干运动。然后通过植入在皮层表面上的电极记录皮层场电位，并且在许多皮层中，电极的深度为距离表面2.0-3.0 mm。在每一个自主步速运动开始前1 s左右，在顶叶皮层顶内沟的头侧和尾侧，以及运动前区、运动区和躯体感觉区均出现表面负电位（s-N）、深度正电位（d-P）（准备电位）。运动、躯体感觉和顶叶皮层的电位在运动手指、脚趾或手的对侧半球大于同侧半球。同时，猴的颈、腰区同时向左或向右旋转的模式运动比简单的手或脚趾运动更能引起前运动皮层的准备电位，同时，猴还被训练在警告视觉刺激（WS）后1 s对命令性视觉刺激（IS）作出反应（CNV任务）。在CNV任务期间，在猴子的顶叶皮层以及前额叶、前运动、运动和躯体感觉皮层记录到s-N，d-P电位（CNV样电位）。此外，猴子进行了去/不去反应时的手运动与不同的颜色刺激的歧视，然后去/不去反应时的手运动与不同的位置刺激的歧视。在进行/不进行手部运动时，在猴的主沟背侧记录到s-N，d-P电位（不进行电位），认为该电位与不移动的判断和运动执行抑制有关。在猴的顶叶皮层中未记录到这样的no-go电位。在上述任务中，测量了猴的心率数和瞳孔面积，但没有得到任何特殊的发现。

Monkeys were trained to perform self-paced finger, toe, mouth, hand or trunk movements. Cortical field potentials were then recorded by electrodes implanted on the cortical surface and at a depth of 2.0-3.0 mm from the surface in many cortices. Surface-negative (s-N), depth-positive (d-P) potential (readiness potential) appeared about 1 s before the start of every self-paced movement in the rostral and caudal banks of the intraparietal sulcus in the parietal cortex, as well as the premotor, motor and somatosensory cortices. The potential was bigger in the hemisphere contralateral to the moving finger, toe or hand than in the ipsilateral one in the motor, somatosensory and parietal cortices. The readiness potential in the premotor cortex was more marked on a patterned movement of rotating neck and lumbar region simultaneously to the left or right than a simple movement of moving hand or toe.Monkeys were also trained to move hand in response to imperative visual stimulus (IS) given 1 s after warning visual stimulus (WS) (CNV task). A s-N, d-P potential (CNV-like potential) was recorded in the parietal cortex as well as the prefrontal, premotor, motor and somatosensory cortices in the monkey during the CNV task. Moreover monkeys were trained for go/no-go reaction time hand movements with discrimination of different color stimuli, and then go/no-go reaction time hand movements with discrimination of different location stimuli. A s-N, d-P potential (no-go potential), which was considered to be related to judgment not to move and suppression of motor execution, was recorded in the dorsal bank of the principal sulcus in the monkey on both the go/no-go hand movements. Such the no-go potential was not recorded in the parietal cortex.Heart rate number and the area of pupil were measured in the monkey on the above-mentioned tasks, but any special findings were not obtained.