Anti-semitism in modern France

通过对近代法国犹太人的解放与融合以及反犹主义的研究，笔者得出以下结论和看法：1法国大革命前，关于法国犹太人解放的讨论有两种理论，一种是主张犹太人与其社区一起沿着解放，另一种是主张解散犹太人，使犹太人作为个体融入法国民族。但法国人在大革命中选择了第二个，根据这一想法，唯一的和不可分割的王国2。犹太人培养了独特的理念franco-judaisme与他们的社会进步和融入社会认为法国是第二个耶路撒冷。这一思想的基础是建立在拿破仑在第一帝国时代建立的大公会和consistoriales系统的教义决定上。直到第三共和国，犹太人的社会进步都有明确的限制，因为他们除了一些特殊情况外，不能进入国家的核心。但他们可以通过许多途径获得它，根据第三共和国引入的精英统治原则和国家世俗化的推进。这是19世纪末法国犹太主义和反犹太主义的一个主要原因。4我发表了一些关于这些发现的文章以及1892年4月至1902年12月由法国“反犹太主义教皇”Eduard Drumont发起的La Libre Parole的第一批签名文章和标题列表。

I have arrived at the following conclusions and views after researches on the liberation and the integration of Jews and the anti-Semitism in modern France.1 Before the French Revolution, there were two theories in discussions on the liberation of Jews in France, the one advocating their liberation along with their communities and the other insisting the dissolution of them to integrate Jews as individuals into the French nation. But the French in the Revolution chosen the second according to the idea unique and indivisible kingdom.2 Jews cultivated the particular idea of franco-judaisme with their social advance and integration into the society considering France as the second Jerusalem for them. The base of the idea was built on the doctrinal decisions of the Grand Sanhedrin and consistoriales system established by Napoleon in the First Empire era.3 There was a clear limit for the social advance of Jews until the Third Republic, because they could not enter the core of the state except for some special cases. But they could access it by many routes on the principle of meritocracy introduced by the Third Republic and the advancement of secularization of the state. This is a major cause of the franco-judaisme and the anti-Semitism at the end of 19 century.4 I published some essays on these findings and the list of first signed articles and headlines of La Libre Parole, from April 1892 to December 1902, which was launched by Eduard Drumont, "Pope of anti-Semitism" in France.