Description and analysis on functions, forms and distribution of aizuchi (backchannel)

1.引言1.导论不同的语言、不同的个体和不同的个体之间的差异很大。量化方法有其局限性。对话分析是有效的。“反应场所”对尾口的研究尤为重要。同时，还强调了“内爱词”、“句末爱词”、“类爱词”、“长爱词”等概念的重要性。1.4、非言语的爱词也很重要。第一节“Aizuchi不是一种文化，而是一种语言或言语活动”3.第二节“不仅语言Aizuchi而且非语言Aizuchi影响对话参与者”4.第三节Aizuchi研究述评。

1. Introduction1.1. There are great variation among languages, inter-individuals and intra-individuals. Quantitative approaches have limitations.1.2. Conversation Analysis is valid.1.3. "Place for reaction " is especially important for aizuchi research. At the same time conception of "intrasentential aizuchi" and "sentence-final aizuchi", and "sort aizuchi" and "long aizuchi" are important.1.4.Non-Verbal aizuchi are also important.2. Section 1"Aizuchi is not a culture but a language or speech activity"3. Section 2"Not only Verbal aizuchi but also Non-Verbal aizuchi make effects on participants of conversation "4. Section 3Review on aizuchi researches.