Evaluation of Non-Regulatory Legal Instruments in Environmental Law - Focussing on Legal Countermeasures Against Global Warming

本研究旨在评估非监管性法律工具，重点是针对全球变暖的法律对策；即，特别是自愿办法和自愿协议日本约40%的二氧化碳排放来自工业部门。“经团联自愿方法”是该领域最重要的对策之一，已被纳入日本政府的全球变暖战略，称为“全球变暖对策促进指南”本研究的评估方法包括：比较两种工具（自愿方法、自愿协议）与最终二氧化碳减排目标的权重；B -评估如何管理工具以实现其目标（透明度，第三方评估）；C -如何获得遵守的评估从上述3-a的观点来看，“经团联的自愿方法”是好的，但从3-b和3-c - 5的观点来看，则不是好的“自愿协议”这一法律文书作为日本地方政府层面的环境污染对策，早已被应用。在一些欧盟国家，这类措施被作为对抗全球变暖的对策。从3-b和3-c的观点来看，自愿协议可以给予好的观点。对于3-a，评价好坏取决于如何邀请企业签订环境协议：如何激励企业签订环境协议的问题。

1 This Research aims to evaluate non-regulatory legal instruments, focussing on legal countermeasures against global warming ; ie , voluntary approaches and voluntary agreements in particular.2 About 40 percents of CO2 emmision come from the indusrial sector in Japan. The "Keidanren's Voluntary Approach" is one of the most important contermeasures in this sector which has been incorporated into the golobal warming stratgegy of the Government of Japan, which is called the "Promoting Guideline for Coutermeasures against Global Warming".3 Methods of evaluation in this research consists ofa - evaluation of weights of these two instruments (voluntary approaches, voluntaty agreements) in comparing with the final CO2 reduction goal ;b - evaluation of how to manage the instruments to attain their goal (transparency, evaluation by a third party) ;c - evaluation of how to get compliance.4 The "Keidanren's Voluntary Approach" would be given good points from the view point of 3-a mentioned above, but not good points from that of 3-b and 3-c.5 The legal instrument "voluntary agreements" have been applied since long time ago as coutermeasures against environmental pollution in local governmental level in Japan. In several EU countries such instruments are introduced as coutermesures against global warming.Voluntary agreements could be given good points from the view point of 3-b and 3-c. As to 3-a, good or bad evaluation depends on how to invite enterprises to conclude such an agreement : question of how to make an incentive to conclude an environmental agreement.